Heterogeneous catalysis is the workhorse of the chemical industry, and a heterogeneous catalyst possesses numerous active sites working together to drive the conversion of reactants to desirable products. Over the decades, much focus has been placed on identifying the factors affecting the active sites to gain deep insights into the structure-performance relationship, which in turn guides the design and preparation of more active, selective, and stable catalysts. However, the molecular-level interplay between active sites and catalytic function still remains qualitative or semiquantitative, ascribed to the difficulty and uncertainty in elucidating the nature of active sites for its controllable manipulation. Hence, bridging the microscopic properties of active sites and the macroscopic catalytic performance, that is, microscopic-to-macroscopic transition, to afford a quantitative description is intriguing yet challenging, and progress toward this promises to revolutionize catalyst design and preparation.

中文翻译：

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介观动力学作为弥合微观到宏观过渡以使催化剂设计合理化的工具

多相催化是化学工业的主力，多相催化剂拥有众多的活性位点，它们共同作用以推动反应物向所需产物的转化。几十年来，人们一直将重点放在确定影响活性位点的因素上，以深入了解结构-性能关系，从而指导设计和制备更具活性、选择性和稳定性的催化剂。然而，活性位点和催化功能之间的分子水平相互作用仍然是定性或半定量的，这归因于阐明活性位点的性质以进行可控操作的困难和不确定性。因此，桥接活性位点的微观性质和宏观催化性能，即