Regional disparities in social mobility have long been apparent in Britain. Recent decades have seen a growing level of spatial inequalities in terms of social, economic and employment opportunities. Empirical studies suggest not only what do your parents do, but also where do you come from, profoundly influences one's life opportunities, London and the Southeast are consistently shown to be areas with more social mobility than the rest of country. This study presents an updated estimate of the extent of social mobility across regions in England, and more importantly, how this has been conditional on cross-region migration. By using national representative survey data covering a decade (2005–2015), the results show considerable variations in the regional estimates of both absolute and relative mobility. In particular, London was found to be leading on social mobility measures in nationwide comparisons, supporting previous findings that London plays an important national role in Britain's social mobility. In addition, separate analysis for samples of cross-region ‘movers’ and ‘stayers’ suggests that migration is associated with social upward mobility, with London still functioning as an ‘escalator‘ region providing better opportunities for those who move there from elsewhere the country. This persistence of the ‘escalator region’ effect for the millennial generation in England underlines how unequal economic geography continues to shape opportunity and trajectories of mobility for individuals.

中文翻译：

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英国的空间和社会流动性：千禧一代“自动扶梯”效应的持续存在

在英国，社会流动性的地区差异长期以来一直很明显。近几十年来，社会、经济和就业机会方面的空间不平等程度越来越高。实证研究表明，不仅你的父母做什么，而且你来自哪里，都会深刻影响一个人的生活机会，伦敦和东南部一直被证明是社会流动性高于国家其他地区的地区。本研究提出了对英格兰跨地区社会流动程度的最新估计，更重要的是，它如何以跨地区迁移为条件。通过使用涵盖十年（2005 年至 2015 年）的全国代表性调查数据，结果显示区域对绝对和相对流动性的估计存在相当大的差异。尤其，在全国比较中，伦敦被发现在社会流动性措施方面处于领先地位，这支持了之前的研究结果，即伦敦在英国的社会流动性中发挥着重要的国家作用。此外，对跨区域“迁移者”和“停留者”样本的单独分析表明，迁移与社会向上流动有关，伦敦仍然作为“自动扶梯”区域发挥作用，为从该国其他地方迁移到那里的人提供更好的机会. 英国千禧一代持续存在的“自动扶梯区域”效应突显了不平等的经济地理如何继续塑造个人的机会和流动轨迹。此外，对跨区域“迁移者”和“停留者”样本的单独分析表明，迁移与社会向上流动有关，伦敦仍然作为“自动扶梯”区域发挥作用，为从该国其他地方迁移到那里的人提供更好的机会. 英国千禧一代持续存在的“自动扶梯区域”效应突显了不平等的经济地理如何继续塑造个人的机会和流动轨迹。此外，对跨区域“迁移者”和“停留者”样本的单独分析表明，迁移与社会向上流动有关，伦敦仍然作为“自动扶梯”区域发挥作用，为从该国其他地方迁移到那里的人提供更好的机会. 英国千禧一代持续存在的“自动扶梯区域”效应突显了不平等的经济地理如何继续塑造个人的机会和流动轨迹。