Although broken windows theory has had strong influence on policy and practice in policing, there are still many questions and debates about the nature of disorder itself and, particularly, how people perceive and define it. The current study aims to examine whether Black and White residents living on the same street segments in Baltimore City, Maryland perceive similar levels of social and physical disorder. We find strong and significant differences between Black and White residents after controlling for key sociodemographic variables and street-level covariates.

中文翻译：

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旁观者眼中的混乱：黑人和白人居民对高犯罪率街区混乱的看法

尽管破窗理论对警务政策和实践产生了重大影响，但关于混乱本身的性质，尤其是人们如何看待和定义混乱，仍然存在许多问题和争论。目前的研究旨在检查居住在马里兰州巴尔的摩市同一街道段的黑人和白人居民是否感知到相似程度的社会和身体障碍。在控制了关键的社会人口变量和街道协变量后，我们发现黑人和白人居民之间存在强烈而显着的差异。