Gendered migration governance has emerged as a key modality through which South Asian countries mobilise and manage women migrant workers. This involves complex policy articulations encompassing the restriction, protection and promotion of migration. Through analysis of state discourse and stakeholder responses in India and Sri Lanka, we examine how policies of labour-sending states co-produce and compound migrant vulnerability by displacing responsibility for risk-management onto individual migrants and intermediaries. We suggest that institutional constraints on women's exit coalesce with structural inequalities at the regional level to exacerbate precarity during the course of migration, reducing potential economic gains from migration while heightening individual risk. The paper concludes by identifying the need for gender-responsive, evidence-based policy frameworks to promote safe migration and provide inclusive local employment alternatives.

中文翻译：

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通过责任进行监管：性别退出政策和来自印度和斯里兰卡的不稳定移民

性别移民治理已成为南亚国家动员和管理女性移民工人的关键模式。这涉及复杂的政策表述，包括限制、保护和促进移民。通过分析印度和斯里兰卡的国家话语和利益相关者的反应，我们研究了劳动力派遣国的政策如何通过将风险管理责任转移到个体移民和中介身上来共同产生和加剧移民的脆弱性。我们建议，对妇女退出的制度性限制与区域层面的结构性不平等结合在一起，加剧了移民过程中的不稳定性，减少了移民带来的潜在经济收益，同时增加了个人风险。该文件最后确定了促进性别平等的必要性，