Abstract. We developed a high-quality global Integrated Water Vapour (IWV) dataset from 12,552 ground-based Global Positioning System (GPS) stations in 2020. It consists of 5-min GPS IWV estimates with a total number of 1,093,591,492 datapoints. The completeness rates of the IWV estimates are higher than 95 % at 7253 (58 %) stations. The dataset is an enhanced version of the existing operational GPS IWV dataset provided by Nevada Geodetic Laboratory (NGL). The enhancement is reached by employing accurate meteorological information from the fifth generation of European ReAnalysis (ERA5) for the GPS IWV retrieval with a significantly higher spatiotemporal resolution. A dedicated data screening algorithm is also implemented. The GPS IWV dataset has a good agreement with in-situ radiosonde observations at 182 collocated stations worldwide. The IWV biases are within ±3.0 kg m^-2 with a Mean Absolute Bias (MAB) value of 0.69 kg m^-2. The standard deviations (SD) of IWV differences are no larger than 3.4 kg m^-2. In addition, the enhanced IWV product shows substantial improvements compared to NGL’s operational version, and it is thus recommended for high-accuracy applications, such as research of extreme weather events and diurnal variations of IWV, and intercomparisons with other IWV retrieval techniques. Taking the radiosonde-derived IWV as reference, the MAB and SD of IWV differences are reduced by 19.5 % and 6.2 % on average, respectively. The number of unrealistic negative GPS IWV estimates are also substantially reduced by 92.4 % owing to the accurate Zenith Hydrostatic Delay (ZHD) derived by ERA5. The dataset is available at: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6973528 (Yuan et al., 2022).

中文翻译：

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2020 年来自全球 10,000 多个地面 GPS 站的增强型综合水汽数据集

摘要。我们在 2020 年从 12,552 个地面全球定位系统 (GPS) 站开发了一个高质量的全球综合水汽 (IWV) 数据集。它由 5 分钟的 GPS IWV 估计值组成，总数为 1,093,591,492 个数据点。在 7253 个（58%）个站点，IWV 估计的完成率高于 95%。该数据集是内华达大地测量实验室 (NGL) 提供的现有 GPS IWV 数据集的增强版本。通过使用来自第五代欧洲再分析 (ERA5) 的准确气象信息进行 GPS IWV 反演，具有显着更高的时空分辨率，从而实现了增强。还实施了专用的数据筛选算法。GPS IWV 数据集与全球 182 个并置台站的现场无线电探空仪观测数据具有良好的一致性。^-2，平均绝对偏差 (MAB) 值为 0.69 kg m ^-2。IWV差异的标准偏差（SD）不大于3.4 kg m ^-2. 此外，增强型 IWV 产品与 NGL 的业务版本相比具有显着改进，因此推荐用于高精度应用，例如极端天气事件研究和 IWV 日变化研究，以及与其他 IWV 反演技术的比对。以探空仪衍生的IWV为参考，IWV差异的MAB和SD平均分别降低了19.5%和6.2%。由于 ERA5 得出准确的 Zenith Hydrostatic Delay (ZHD)，不切实际的负 GPS IWV 估计数也大幅减少了 92.4%。该数据集可在以下网址获得：https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6973528（Yuan 等人，2022）。