Spinal cord injury (SCI) often has devastating consequences for the patient's physical, mental and occupational health. At present, there is no effective treatment for SCI, and appropriate animal models are very important for studying the pathological manifestations, injury mechanisms, and corresponding treatment. However, the pathological changes in each injury model are different, which creates difficulties in selecting appropriate models for different research purposes. In this article, we analyze various SCI models and introduce their pathological features, including inflammation, glial scar formation, axon regeneration, ischemia–reperfusion injury, and oxidative stress, and evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of each model, which is convenient for selecting suitable models for different injury mechanisms to study therapeutic methods.

脊髓损伤 (SCI) 通常会对患者的身体、心理和职业健康造成毁灭性的后果。目前脊髓损伤尚无有效的治疗方法，合适的动物模型对于研究其病理表现、损伤机制及相应的治疗方法非常重要。然而，每种损伤模型的病理变化不同，这就为不同的研究目的选择合适的模型带来了困难。本文对各种SCI模型进行分析，介绍其病理特征，包括炎症、胶质瘢痕形成、轴突再生、缺血再灌注损伤、氧化应激等，并评价各模型的优缺点，便于选择合适的SCI模型。不同损伤机制的模型来研究治疗方法。