This article reconstructs the smelting and refining of copper at site 256A01 in the Pampa de Chaparrí, near Batán Grande, Department of Lambayeque, Peru. Two banks of furnaces were excavated, yielding calibrated radiocarbon dates between 1030 and 1180 AD (Middle Sicán through the Early Late Sicán period). This is the first published study from South America to have recorded evidence of copper smelting slags that were fully liquid in furnaces apparently powered by blowpipes. The copper prills produced at 256A01 contained up to 5.5% arsenic, but we have found no evidence for deliberate addition of an arsenic-bearing mineral to the furnace charge. Some of the primary copper was heavily contaminated with metallic iron, which was removed by selective reoxidation on shallow ceramic crucibles. Although there were residual sulfides in the ore, no evidence of co-smelting (reaction of copper oxides with copper sulfides) was noted.

本文重建了秘鲁兰巴耶克省巴坦格兰德附近 Pampa de Chaparrí 256A01 矿区的铜冶炼和精炼过程。两排熔炉被挖掘出来，产生了公元 1030 年至 1180 年（西坎中期到西坎晚期）之间的校准放射性碳年代。这是南美洲首次发表的研究，记录了铜冶炼渣在显然由吹管提供动力的熔炉中完全呈液态的证据。256A01 生产的铜球含有高达 5.5% 的砷，但我们没有发现任何证据表明在炉料中故意添加了含砷矿物。一些初级铜被金属铁严重污染，金属铁通过浅陶瓷坩埚上的选择性再氧化去除。虽然矿石中还有残留的硫化物，