Cell poration technologies offer opportunities not only to understand the activities of biological molecules but also to investigate genetic manipulation possibilities. Unfortunately, transferring large molecules that can carry huge genomic information is challenging. Here, we demonstrate electromechanical poration using a core–shell-structured microbubble generator, consisting of a fine microelectrode covered with a dielectric material. By introducing a microcavity at its tip, we could concentrate the electrical field with the application of electric pulses and generate microbubbles for electromechanical stimulation of cells. Specifically, the technology enables transfection with molecules that are thousands of kDa even into osteoblasts and Chlamydomonas, which are generally considered to be difficult to inject. Notably, we found that the transfection efficiency can be enhanced by adjusting the viscosity of the cell suspension, which was presumably achieved by remodeling of the membrane cytoskeleton. The applicability of the approach to a variety of cell types opens up numerous emerging gene engineering applications.

中文翻译：

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用于转染分子的细胞的粘性辅助机电穿孔

细胞穿孔技术不仅提供了了解生物分子活动的机会，而且还提供了研究遗传操作可能性的机会。不幸的是，转移可以携带大量基因组信息的大分子具有挑战性。在这里，我们展示了使用核壳结构微气泡发生器的机电穿孔，该发生器由覆盖有介电材料的精细微电极组成。通过在其尖端引入微腔，我们可以通过施加电脉冲来集中电场，并产生用于细胞机电刺激的微泡。具体而言，该技术能够将数千 kDa 的分子转染到成骨细胞和衣藻中，通常被认为难以注入。值得注意的是，我们发现可以通过调节细胞悬液的粘度来提高转染效率，这可能是通过重塑膜细胞骨架来实现的。该方法对多种细胞类型的适用性开辟了许多新兴的基因工程应用。