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Defined metal atom aggregates precisely incorporated into metal–organic frameworks
Chemical Society Reviews ( IF 40.4 ) Pub Date : 2022-10-17 , DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00992c
Kathrin L Kollmannsberger 1 , Laura Kronthaler 1 , Joerg R Jinschek 2 , Roland A Fischer 1
Affiliation  

Nanosized metal aggregates (MAs), including metal nanoparticles (NPs) and nanoclusters (NCs), are often the active species in numerous applications. In order to maintain the active form of MAs in “use”, they need to be anchored and stabilised, preventing agglomeration. In this context, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), which exhibit a unique combination of properties, are of particular interest as a tunable and porous matrix to host MAs. A high degree of control in the synthesis towards atom-efficient and application-oriented MA@MOF composites is required to derive specific structure–property relationships and in turn to enable design of functions on the molecular level. Due to the versatility of MA@MOF (derived) materials, their applications are not limited to the obvious field of catalysis, but increasingly include ‘out of the box’ applications, for example medical diagnostics and theranostics, as well as specialised (bio-)sensoring techniques. This review focuses on recent advances in the controlled synthesis of MA@MOF materials en route to atom-precise MAs. The main synthetic strategies, namely ‘ship-in-bottle’, ‘bottle-around-ship’, and approaches to achieve novel hierarchical MA@MOF structures are highlighted and discussed while identifying their potential as well as their limitations. Hereby, an overview of standard characterisation methods that enable a systematic analysis procedure and state-of-art techniques that localise MA within MOF cavities are provided. While the perspectives of MA@MOF materials in general have been reviewed various times in the recent past, few atom-precise MAs inside MOFs have been reported so far, opening opportunities for future investigation.

中文翻译:

定义的金属原子聚集体精确地结合到金属有机框架中

纳米金属聚集体 (MA),包括金属纳米颗粒 (NP) 和纳米团簇 (NC),通常是许多应用中的活性物质。为了在“使用”中保持 MA 的活性形式,它们需要锚定和稳定,防止聚集。在这种情况下,金属有机框架 (MOF) 具有独特的特性组合,作为承载 MA 的可调多孔基质特别受关注。需要对原子高效和面向应用的 MA@MOF 复合材料的合成进行高度控制,以推导出特定的结构-性质关系,进而能够在分子水平上设计功能。由于 MA@MOF(衍生)材料的多功能性,它们的应用不限于明显的催化领域,而是越来越多地包括“开箱即用”的应用,例如医学诊断和治疗诊断学,以及专门的(生物)传感技术。这篇综述重点介绍了 MA@MOF 材料在通往原子精确 MA 的过程中受控合成的最新进展。强调和讨论了主要的合成策略,即“瓶中船”、“瓶中船”和实现新型分层 MA@MOF 结构的方法,同时确定了它们的潜力和局限性。特此,提供了标准表征方法的概述,这些方法可以实现系统的分析程序和在 MOF 腔内定位 MA 的最先进技术。虽然最近对 MA@MOF 材料的总体观点进行了多次审查,但到目前为止,很少有 MOF 内部原子级精确 MA 的报道,这为未来的研究提供了机会。
更新日期:2022-10-17
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