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Autonomous wearable sweat rate monitoring based on digitized microbubble detection
Lab on a Chip ( IF 6.1 ) Pub Date : 2022-10-15 , DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00670g Haisong Lin 1, 2 , Wenzhuo Yu 1 , Jorge Emiliano De Dios Suarez 1 , Harish Athavan 1 , Yibo Wang 1 , Christopher Yeung 3 , Shuyu Lin 1 , Sriram Sankararaman 4 , Carlos Milla 5 , Sam Emaminejad 1
Lab on a Chip ( IF 6.1 ) Pub Date : 2022-10-15 , DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00670g Haisong Lin 1, 2 , Wenzhuo Yu 1 , Jorge Emiliano De Dios Suarez 1 , Harish Athavan 1 , Yibo Wang 1 , Christopher Yeung 3 , Shuyu Lin 1 , Sriram Sankararaman 4 , Carlos Milla 5 , Sam Emaminejad 1
Affiliation
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Advancements in wearable bioanalytical microsystems have enabled diurnal and (semi)continuous monitoring of physiologically-relevant indices that are accessible through probing sweat. To deliver an undistorted and physiologically-meaningful interpretation of these readings, tracking the sweat secretion rate is essential, because it allows for calibrating the biomarker readings against variations in sweat secretion and inferring the body's hydration/electrolyte homeostasis status. To realize an autonomous wearable solution with intrinsically high signal-to-noise ratio sweat rate sensing capabilities, here, we devise a digitized microbubble detection mechanism—delivered by a hybrid microfluidic/electronic system with a compact footprint. This mechanism is based on the intermittent generation of microliter-scale bubbles via electrolysis and the instantaneous measurement of their time-of-flight (and thus, velocity) via impedimetric sensing. In this way, we overcome the limitations of previously proposed sweat rate sensing modalities that are inherently susceptible to non-targeted secretion characteristics (pH, conductivity, and temperature), constrained by volume, or lack system integration for autonomous on-body operation. By deploying our solution in human subject trials, we validate the utility of our solution for seamless monitoring of exercise- and iontophoretically-induced sweat secretion profiles.
中文翻译：
基于数字化微泡检测的自主可穿戴出汗率监测
可穿戴生物分析微系统的进步使得能够通过探测汗液对生理相关指标进行昼夜（半）连续监测。为了对这些读数提供不失真且具有生理意义的解释，跟踪汗液分泌率至关重要，因为它可以根据汗液分泌的变化校准生物标志物读数并推断身体的水合/电解质稳态状态。为了实现具有本质上高信噪比出汗率传感功能的自主可穿戴解决方案，我们设计了一种数字化微泡检测机制，由具有紧凑占地面积的混合微流体/电子系统提供。该机制基于通过电解间歇性产生微升级气泡，并通过阻抗传感瞬时测量其飞行时间（以及速度）。通过这种方式，我们克服了先前提出的出汗率传感方式的局限性，这些方式本质上容易受到非目标分泌特性（pH、电导率和温度）的影响，受体积限制，或缺乏用于自主在体操作的系统集成。通过在人体试验中部署我们的解决方案，我们验证了我们的解决方案在无缝监测运动和离子电渗疗法引起的汗液分泌情况方面的实用性。
更新日期：2022-10-15
中文翻译：
基于数字化微泡检测的自主可穿戴出汗率监测
可穿戴生物分析微系统的进步使得能够通过探测汗液对生理相关指标进行昼夜（半）连续监测。为了对这些读数提供不失真且具有生理意义的解释，跟踪汗液分泌率至关重要，因为它可以根据汗液分泌的变化校准生物标志物读数并推断身体的水合/电解质稳态状态。为了实现具有本质上高信噪比出汗率传感功能的自主可穿戴解决方案，我们设计了一种数字化微泡检测机制，由具有紧凑占地面积的混合微流体/电子系统提供。该机制基于通过电解间歇性产生微升级气泡，并通过阻抗传感瞬时测量其飞行时间（以及速度）。通过这种方式，我们克服了先前提出的出汗率传感方式的局限性，这些方式本质上容易受到非目标分泌特性（pH、电导率和温度）的影响，受体积限制，或缺乏用于自主在体操作的系统集成。通过在人体试验中部署我们的解决方案，我们验证了我们的解决方案在无缝监测运动和离子电渗疗法引起的汗液分泌情况方面的实用性。
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