Dynamic regulation of Monascus azaphilones biosynthesis by the binary MrPigE-MrPigF oxidoreductase system,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology

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Dynamic regulation of Monascus azaphilones biosynthesis by the binary MrPigE-MrPigF oxidoreductase system
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ( IF 3.9 ) Pub Date : 2022-10-12 , DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12219-z
Yali Duan _{1,

2} , Hongmin Ma ₃ , Xuetuan Wei ₂ , Mu Li _{1,

2}

Affiliation

Abstract

Monascus azaphilones (MAs) have been extensively applied as natural food coloring agents. MAs are classified into three categories: yellow MAs (YMAs), orange MAs (OMAs), and red MAs with various biological activities. However, the exact biosynthetic mechanism of OMAs and YMAs are not thoroughly elucidated. Firstly, we identified four DNA-binding residues of transcription factor MrPigB and constructed a multi-site saturation mutagenesis library of MrPigB. Then, comparative metabolite and gene expression of the mutants revealed that two oxidoreductases MrPigE and MrPigF were responsible for the formation of YMAs and OMAs. Finally, the in vitro and in vivo assays demonstrated the opposite roles of MrPigE and MrPigF in conversion of OMAs to YMAs. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a binary oxidoreductase system for dynamic regulation of fungal secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Broadly, our work also demonstrates the transcription factor engineering strategy for elucidating the biosynthetic pathway of secondary metabolite.

Key points

• MrPigE converts orange Monascus azaphilones to yellow Monascus azaphilones

• MrPigF oxidizes intermediates to afford orange Monascus azaphilones

• MrPigE and MrPigF constitute a binary system in Monascus azaphilones biosynthesis

Graphical abstract

中文翻译：

二元 MrPigE-MrPigF 氧化还原酶系统对红曲霉生物合成的动态调控

摘要

红曲霉azaphilones (MAs) 已被广泛用作天然食品着色剂。MAs 分为三类：黄色 MAs (YMAs)、橙色 MAs (OMAs) 和具有各种生物活性的红色 MAs。然而，OMA 和 YMA 的确切生物合成机制尚未完全阐明。首先，我们鉴定了转录因子MrPigB的四个DNA结合残基，构建了MrPigB的多位点饱和诱变文库。然后，比较突变体的代谢物和基因表达表明，两种氧化还原酶 MrPigE 和 MrPigF 负责 YMA 和 OMA 的形成。最后，体外和体内试验证明了 MrPigE 和 MrPigF 在 OMA 向 YMA 转化中的相反作用。据我们所知，这是用于动态调节真菌次级代谢产物生物合成的二元氧化还原酶系统的第一份报告。从广义上讲，我们的工作还展示了用于阐明次级代谢物生物合成途径的转录因子工程策略。