Previous research suggests a protective effect of vegetable consumption against chronic disease, but the quality of evidence underlying those findings remains uncertain. We applied a Bayesian meta-regression tool to estimate the mean risk function and quantify the quality of evidence for associations between vegetable consumption and ischemic heart disease (IHD), ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, type 2 diabetes and esophageal cancer. Increasing from no vegetable consumption to the theoretical minimum risk exposure level (306–372 g daily) was associated with a 23.2% decline (95% uncertainty interval, including between-study heterogeneity: 16.4–29.4) in ischemic stroke risk; a 22.9% (13.6–31.3) decline in IHD risk; a 15.9% (1.7–28.1) decline in hemorrhagic stroke risk; a 28.5% (−0.02–51.4) decline in esophageal cancer risk; and a 26.1% (−3.6–48.3) decline in type 2 diabetes risk. We found statistically significant protective effects of vegetable consumption for ischemic stroke (three stars), IHD (two stars), hemorrhagic stroke (two stars) and esophageal cancer (two stars). Including between-study heterogeneity, we did not detect a significant association with type 2 diabetes, corresponding to a one-star rating. Although current evidence supports increased efforts and policies to promote vegetable consumption, remaining uncertainties suggest the need for continued research.

先前的研究表明，食用蔬菜对慢性疾病具有保护作用，但这些研究结果背后的证据质量仍不确定。我们应用贝叶斯元回归工具来估计平均风险函数并量化蔬菜消费与缺血性心脏病 (IHD)、缺血性中风、出血性中风、2 型糖尿病和食道癌之间关联的证据质量。从不吃蔬菜增加到理论上的最低风险暴露水平（每天306-372克）与缺血性中风风险下降23.2%（95%不确定性区间，包括研究间异质性：16.4-29.4）相关； IHD 风险下降 22.9% (13.6–31.3)；出血性中风风险下降 15.9% (1.7–28.1)；食道癌风险下降 28.5% (−0.02–51.4)； 2 型糖尿病风险下降 26.1% (−3.6–48.3)。我们发现食用蔬菜对缺血性中风（三颗星）、缺血性中风（两颗星）、出血性中风（两颗星）和食道癌（两颗星）具有统计学上显着的保护作用。包括研究间异质性在内，我们没有检测到与 2 型糖尿病的显着关联，对应于一星评级。尽管目前的证据支持加大力度和政策来促进蔬菜消费，但仍然存在的不确定性表明需要继续研究。