This study examines the extent to which citywide racial and ethnic disparities in arrests are driven by a subset of places within cities. Data are drawn from six U.S. cities from 2014 to 2019. Results indicate that arrests are strongly concentrated within a few block groups, for all race and ethnicities in all cities. Coupled with higher rates of arrests for Blacks and (in some cities) Hispanics compared to Whites and other racial groups, this means that a few places in every city are responsible for driving citywide racial and ethnic disparities in arrests. These arrest hot spots demonstrate very high year-to-year stability. There is a strong relationship between crime and arrest hot spots, making crime hot spots key drivers of citywide racial and ethnic disparities in arrests.

中文翻译：

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警察中种族和族裔差异的来源：六个城市逮捕的空间集中度

本研究调查了城市范围内种族和族裔逮捕方面的差异在多大程度上是由城市内的一部分地方驱动的。数据来自 2014 年至 2019 年的美国六个城市。结果表明，针对所有城市的所有种族和族裔，逮捕行动主要集中在几个街区。再加上与白人和其他种族群体相比，黑人和（在某些城市中）西班牙裔的逮捕率更高，这意味着每个城市的少数几个地方要为推动全市范围内的种族和族裔逮捕差异负责。这些逮捕热点表现出非常高的年度稳定性。犯罪热点与逮捕热点之间存在密切关系，这使得犯罪热点成为导致全市种族和民族逮捕差异的主要驱动因素。