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Impact of agricultural management on soil aggregates and associated organic carbon fractions: analysis of long-term experiments in Europe
Soil ( IF 5.8 ) Pub Date : 2022-10-06 , DOI: 10.5194/soil-8-621-2022
Ioanna S. Panagea , Antonios Apostolakis , Antonio Berti , Jenny Bussell , Pavel Čermak , Jan Diels , Annemie Elsen , Helena Kusá , Ilaria Piccoli , Jean Poesen , Chris Stoate , Mia Tits , Zoltan Toth , Guido Wyseure

Inversion tillage is a commonly applied soil cultivation practice in Europe, which often has been blamed for deteriorating topsoil stability and organic carbon (OC) content. In this study, the potential to reverse these negative effects in the topsoil by alternative agricultural management practices are evaluated in seven long-term experiments (running from 8 to 54 years the moment of sampling) in five European countries (Belgium, Czech Republic, Hungary, Italy and UK). Topsoil samples (0–15 cm) were collected and analysed to evaluate the effects of conservation tillage (reduced and no tillage) and increased organic inputs of different origin (farmyard manure, compost, crop residues) combined with inversion tillage on topsoil stability, soil aggregates and, within these, OC distribution using wet sieving after slaking. Effects from the treatments on the two main components of organic matter, i.e. particulate (POM) and mineral associated (MAOM), were also evaluated using dispersion and size fractionation. Reduced and no-tillage practices, as well as the additions of manure or compost, increased the aggregates mean weight diameter (MWD) (up to 49 % at the Belgian study site) and topsoil OC (up to 51 % at the Belgian study site), as well as the OC corresponding to the different aggregate size fractions. The incorporation of crop residues had a positive impact on the MWD but a less profound effect both on total OC and on OC associated with the different aggregates. A negative relationship between the mass and the OC content of the microaggregates (53–250 µm) was identified in all experiments. There was no effect on the mass of the macroaggregates and the occluded microaggregates (mM) within these macroaggregates, while the corresponding OC contents increased with less tillage and more organic inputs. Inversion tillage led to less POM within the mM, whereas the different organic inputs did not affect it. In all experiments where the total POM increased, the total soil organic carbon (SOC) was also affected positively. We concluded that the negative effects of inversion tillage on topsoil can be mitigated by reducing the tillage intensity or adding organic materials, optimally combined with non-inversion tillage methods.

中文翻译:

农业管理对土壤团聚体和相关有机碳组分的影响:欧洲长期实验分析

反耕是欧洲普遍采用的土壤耕作方式,经常被指责导致表土稳定性和有机碳 (OC) 含量恶化。在这项研究中,在五个欧洲国家(比利时、捷克共和国、匈牙利)的 7 个长期实验(从采样时刻开始 8 到 54 年)评估了通过替代农业管理做法扭转表土中这些负面影响的潜力、意大利和英国)。收集并分析表土样品(0-15 cm),以评估保护性耕作(减少耕作和免耕)和增加不同来源的有机投入(农家肥、堆肥、作物残茬)结合反耕对表土稳定性、土壤骨料,并在其中使用熟化后的湿筛分进行 OC 分布。还使用分散和尺寸分级评估了处理对有机物的两个主要成分,即颗粒物 (POM) 和矿物伴生物 (MAOM) 的影响。减少和免耕做法,以及添加粪肥或堆肥,增加了骨料平均重量直径 (MWD)(比利时研究地点高达 49%)和表土 OC(比利时研究地点高达 51%) ),以及对应于不同聚合尺寸分数的 OC。作物残留物的掺入对 MWD 有积极影响,但对总 OC 和与不同聚集体相关的 OC 的影响较小。微团聚体的质量与 OC 含量呈负相关(53-250 还使用分散和尺寸分级进行了评估。减少和免耕做法,以及添加粪肥或堆肥,增加了骨料平均重量直径 (MWD)(比利时研究地点高达 49%)和表土 OC(比利时研究地点高达 51%) ),以及对应于不同聚合尺寸分数的 OC。作物残留物的掺入对 MWD 有积极影响,但对总 OC 和与不同聚集体相关的 OC 的影响较小。微团聚体的质量与 OC 含量呈负相关(53-250 还使用分散和尺寸分级进行了评估。减少和免耕做法,以及添加粪肥或堆肥,增加了骨料平均重量直径 (MWD)(比利时研究地点高达 49%)和表土 OC(比利时研究地点高达 51%) ),以及对应于不同聚合尺寸分数的 OC。作物残留物的掺入对 MWD 有积极影响,但对总 OC 和与不同聚集体相关的 OC 的影响较小。微团聚体的质量与 OC 含量呈负相关(53-250 增加了骨料平均重量直径 (MWD)(在比利时研究地点高达 49%)和表土 OC(在比利时研究地点高达 51%),以及对应于不同骨料大小部分的 OC。作物残留物的掺入对 MWD 有积极影响,但对总 OC 和与不同聚集体相关的 OC 的影响较小。微团聚体的质量与 OC 含量呈负相关(53-250 增加了骨料平均重量直径 (MWD)(在比利时研究地点高达 49%)和表土 OC(在比利时研究地点高达 51%),以及对应于不同骨料大小部分的 OC。作物残留物的掺入对 MWD 有积极影响,但对总 OC 和与不同聚集体相关的 OC 的影响较小。微团聚体的质量与 OC 含量呈负相关(53-250 µ m) 在所有实验中都被确定。对这些大团聚体中的大团聚体和封闭的微团聚体 (mM) 的质量没有影响,而相应的 OC 含量随着耕作的减少和有机投入的增加而增加。反耕导致 mM 内的 POM 减少,而不同的有机投入对其没有影响。在总 POM 增加的所有实验中,土壤总有机碳 (SOC) 也受到积极影响。我们得出结论,可以通过降低耕作强度或添加有机材料来减轻反耕对表土的负面影响,并与非反耕方法最佳结合。
更新日期:2022-10-06
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