Astragalus membranaceus is a medicinal and edible species in China, with a variety of biological activities. This study evaluated the reuse potential of A. membranaceus waste as a source of food antioxidants. Antioxidant and antifungal activities of flavonoids, polysaccharides, and saponins from A. membranaceus stems and leaves were evaluated. Results showed that inhibition rate of flavonoids on six tested fungi reaches 100 % at a concentration of 5 mg/mL, and the antioxidant test demonstrated satisfactory antioxidant activity. On this basis, an extremely economical ultrasonic-assisted extraction of flavonoids from A. membranaceus stems and leaves was developed and optimized via response surface methodology (RSM). Optimized conditions included an extraction time of 35 min, ethanol concentration of 75 %, liquid–solid ratio of 40 mL/g, and extraction temperature of 58 °C, in which the extraction yield of flavonoids was 22.0270 ± 2.5739 mg/g. The total flavonoids were separated and purified using activity-guided isolation technology, and frac. ccd with strong antioxidant activity were analyzed via HPLC-MS/MS. Results showed that main components are isoquercitrin and astragalin. This study can provide a potential innovative application for the development of natural food antioxidants from A. membranaceus waste.

黄芪是我国药食两用的植物，具有多种生物活性。本研究评估了A. membranaceus废物作为食品抗氧化剂来源的再利用潜力。对来自A. membranaceus茎和叶的类黄酮、多糖和皂苷的抗氧化和抗真菌活性进行了评估。结果表明，浓度为5 mg/mL的黄酮类化合物对6种受试真菌的抑制率均达到100%，抗氧化试验显示出令人满意的抗氧化活性。在此基础上，一种极其经济的超声辅助提取黄酮类化合物的方法stems and leafs 是通过响应面方法 (RSM) 开发和优化的。优化条件为提取时间35 min、乙醇浓度75%、液固比40 mL/g、提取温度58 ℃，黄酮类化合物的提取率为22.0270±2.5739 mg/g。采用活性导向分离技术和压裂法对总黄酮进行分离纯化。通过 HPLC-MS/MS 分析具有强抗氧化活性的 ccd。结果表明，主要成分为异槲皮苷和黄芪甲苷。本研究可为从黄曲霉废弃物中开发天然食品抗氧化剂提供潜在的创新应用。