Ghost Instabilities in Self-Interacting Vector Fields: The Problem with Proca Fields,Physical Review Letters

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Ghost Instabilities in Self-Interacting Vector Fields: The Problem with Proca Fields
Physical Review Letters ( IF 8.1 ) Pub Date : 2022-10-04 , DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.151102
Katy Clough ₁ , Thomas Helfer ₂ , Helvi Witek ₃ , Emanuele Berti ₂

Affiliation

Massive vector fields feature in several areas of particle physics, e.g., as carriers of weak interactions, dark matter candidates, or an effective description of photons in a plasma. Here, we investigate vector fields with self-interactions by replacing the mass term in the Proca equation with a general potential. We show that this seemingly benign modification inevitably introduces ghost instabilities of the same kind as those recently identified for vector-tensor theories of modified gravity (but in this simpler, minimally coupled theory). It has been suggested that nonperturbative dynamics may drive systems away from such instabilities. We demonstrate that this is not the case by evolving a self-interacting Proca field on a Kerr background, where it grows due to the superradiant instability. The system initially evolves as in the massive case, but instabilities are triggered in a finite time once the self-interaction becomes significant. These instabilities have implications for the formation of condensates of massive, self-interacting vector bosons, the possibility of spin-one bosenovae, vector dark matter models, and effective models for interacting photons in a plasma.

中文翻译：

自交互向量场中的幽灵不稳定性：Proca 场的问题

大量矢量场在粒子物理学的几个领域中具有特征，例如，作为弱相互作用的载体、暗物质候选物或等离子体中光子的有效描述。在这里，我们通过用一般势替换 Proca 方程中的质量项来研究具有自相互作用的矢量场。我们表明，这种看似良性的修改不可避免地会引入与最近为修改重力的矢量张量理论（但在这个更简单的最小耦合理论中）发现的相同类型的鬼不稳定性。有人提出，非微扰动力学可能会使系统远离这种不稳定性。我们通过在克尔背景上演化一个自相互作用的 Proca 场来证明情况并非如此，由于超辐射不稳定性，它在此增长。该系统最初演变为在大规模情况下，但是一旦自我交互变得重要，就会在有限的时间内触发不稳定性。这些不稳定性对大量自相互作用矢量玻色子凝聚体的形成、自旋玻色新星的可能性、矢量暗物质模型以及等离子体中相互作用光子的有效模型都有影响。

更新日期：2022-10-04

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