On-grid and off-grid building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems require a large size BIPV array (LSBA) as their major renewable energy generator. Partial Shading (PS) significantly contributes to power loss in LSBA. One effective solution to mitigate the adverse effect of PS in LSBA is the application of fixed or static BIPV array configurations (BIPV-ACs). This research article critically compares the different fixed BIPV-ACs for modelling, designing and critical analysis of LSBA. Different existing and proposed fixed BIPV-ACs are modelled and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink under six dissimilar cases of PS patterns. Further, the performance is investigated in terms of global maximum power point (G-M-PP), mismatch loss (ML), fill factor (FF), efficiency (η), relative power loss (RPL) and relative power gained (RPG) to identify the best BIPV-AC. Experimental justification of simulation results under two PS pattern cases is reported. The best BIPV-ACs with high G-M-PP and low ML are Total-Cross-Tied (TCT), Triple-Tied (TT), Modified Triple-Tied (M-TT) and Hybrid Bridge-Linked Total-Cross-Tied (H-BL-TCT). Finally, the comprehensive critical analysis reveals that the H-BL-TCT array is the best performing array with low ML, high FF and η, and high G-M-PP with low wiring requirements than the TCT array. The simulation results conclude that the H-BL-TCT array improves G-M-PP by 6.40 %, reduces ML by 4.23 %, and improves FF & η by 4.58 % and 0.54 %. The experimental results infer that the H-BL-TCT array improves G-M-PP by 0.83 %, reduces ML by 0.75 %, and improves FF & η by 0.88 % and 0.09 %.

并网和离网建筑一体化光伏（BIPV）系统需要大型BIPV阵列（LSBA）作为其主要的可再生能源发电机。部分遮蔽 (PS) 会显着导致 LSBA 中的功率损耗。减轻 LSBA 中 PS 不利影响的一种有效解决方案是应用固定或静态 BIPV 阵列配置 (BIPV-AC)。本研究文章批判性地比较了用于 LSBA 建模、设计和批判性分析的不同固定 BIPV-AC。在 MATLAB/Simulink 中，在六种不同的 PS 模式情况下对不同的现有和拟议的固定 BIPV-AC 进行建模和仿真。此外，还根据全局最大功率点 (GM-PP)、失配损耗 (ML)、填充因子 (FF)、效率 (η)、相对功率损耗 (RPL) 和相对功率增益 (RPG) 来研究性能，以确定最佳 BIPV-AC。报告了两种 PS 模式情况下模拟结果的实验​​证明。具有高 GM-PP 和低 ML 的最佳 BIPV-AC 是全交叉连接 (TCT)、三重连接 (TT)、改良三重连接 (M-TT) 和混合桥接全交叉连接 (H-BL-TCT)。最后，综合批判性分析表明，H-BL-TCT 阵列是性能最好的阵列，具有低 ML、高 FF 和 η、高 GM-PP，且布线要求比 TCT 阵列低。模拟结果表明，H-BL-TCT阵列将GM-PP提高了6.40%，将ML降低了4.23%，并将FF和η提高了4.58%和0.54%。实验结果表明，H-BL-TCT阵列将GM-PP提高了0.83%，ML降低了0.75%，FF和η提高了0.88%和0.09%。具有高 GM-PP 和低 ML 的最佳 BIPV-AC 是全交叉连接 (TCT)、三重连接 (TT)、改良三重连接 (M-TT) 和混合桥接全交叉连接 (H-BL-TCT)。最后，综合批判性分析表明，H-BL-TCT 阵列是性能最好的阵列，具有低 ML、高 FF 和 η、高 GM-PP，且布线要求比 TCT 阵列低。模拟结果表明，H-BL-TCT阵列将GM-PP提高了6.40%，将ML降低了4.23%，并将FF和η提高了4.58%和0.54%。实验结果表明，H-BL-TCT阵列将GM-PP提高了0.83%，ML降低了0.75%，FF和η提高了0.88%和0.09%。具有高 GM-PP 和低 ML 的最佳 BIPV-AC 是全交叉连接 (TCT)、三重连接 (TT)、改良三重连接 (M-TT) 和混合桥接全交叉连接 (H-BL-TCT)。最后，综合批判性分析表明，H-BL-TCT 阵列是性能最好的阵列，具有低 ML、高 FF 和 η、高 GM-PP，且布线要求比 TCT 阵列低。模拟结果表明，H-BL-TCT阵列将GM-PP提高了6.40%，将ML降低了4.23%，并将FF和η提高了4.58%和0.54%。实验结果表明，H-BL-TCT阵列将GM-PP提高了0.83%，ML降低了0.75%，FF和η提高了0.88%和0.09%。综合批判性分析表明，H-BL-TCT 阵列是性能最佳的阵列，具有低 ML、高 FF 和 η、高 GM-PP，且布线要求比 TCT 阵列低。模拟结果表明，H-BL-TCT阵列将GM-PP提高了6.40%，将ML降低了4.23%，并将FF和η提高了4.58%和0.54%。实验结果表明，H-BL-TCT阵列将GM-PP提高了0.83%，ML降低了0.75%，FF和η提高了0.88%和0.09%。综合批判性分析表明，H-BL-TCT 阵列是性能最佳的阵列，具有低 ML、高 FF 和 η、高 GM-PP，且布线要求比 TCT 阵列低。模拟结果表明，H-BL-TCT阵列将GM-PP提高了6.40%，将ML降低了4.23%，并将FF和η提高了4.58%和0.54%。实验结果表明，H-BL-TCT阵列将GM-PP提高了0.83%，ML降低了0.75%，FF和η提高了0.88%和0.09%。