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Polyrotaxanes and the pump paradigm
Chemical Society Reviews ( IF 40.4 ) Pub Date : 2022-10-03 , DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00194b James S W Seale 1 , Yuanning Feng 1 , Liang Feng 1 , R Dean Astumian 2 , J Fraser Stoddart 1, 3, 4, 5
Chemical Society Reviews ( IF 40.4 ) Pub Date : 2022-10-03 , DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00194b James S W Seale 1 , Yuanning Feng 1 , Liang Feng 1 , R Dean Astumian 2 , J Fraser Stoddart 1, 3, 4, 5
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The year 2022 marks the 30th anniversary of the first reports of polyrotaxanes in the scientific literature. During the past three decades, many combinations of molecular rings and polymer chains have been synthesised and characterised. Until recently, however, the permutations of polyrotaxanes available to researchers were limited by synthetic methods which typically relied on an innate affinity between the molecular rings and polymer chains. With the advent of oligorotaxane-forming molecular pumps in 2015, it has now become possible to pump multiple rings against their will onto oligomer and polymer chains which have little or no affinity for the rings. These molecular pumps, which can recruit rings actively from solution to form precise polyrotaxanes, represent a major breakthrough in the field. This Tutorial Review highlights key milestones in the synthesis and investigation of polyrotaxanes along with recent developments in the synthesis and theory relating to molecular pumps. Polyrotaxane properties, arising from their topologies, have allowed them to steal a march on traditional polymers in a wide range of applications in materials, electronic and biological science, from slide-ring gels to robust coatings on cell phones, from molecular wires to flexible binders for battery anodes, from efficient multivalent protein binders to bio-cleavable polyplexes for cellular DNA delivery. Molecular pumps have the potential to blaze a contemporary trail for the synthesis of precise mechanically interlocked materials, especially those dependent on non-equilibrium chemistry and those related to energy storage and nanomedicine.
中文翻译：
聚轮烷和泵模式
2022 年是科学文献中首次报道聚轮烷的 30 周年。在过去的三个十年中，已经合成和表征了许多分子环和聚合物链的组合。然而，直到最近，研究人员可用的聚轮烷排列还受到合成方法的限制，合成方法通常依赖于分子环和聚合物链之间的先天亲和力。随着 2015 年形成低聚轮烷的分子泵的出现，现在可以将多个环泵入对环几乎没有亲和力或没有亲和力的低聚物和聚合物链上。这些分子泵可以从溶液中主动募集环以形成精确的聚轮烷，代表了该领域的重大突破。本教程回顾重点介绍了聚轮烷合成和研究的关键里程碑，以及与分子泵相关的合成和理论的最新进展。聚轮烷因其拓扑结构而具有的特性使它们在材料、电子和生物科学的广泛应用中抢占了传统聚合物的先机，从滑环凝胶到手机上的坚固涂层，从分子线到柔性粘合剂用于电池阳极，从高效的多价蛋白质粘合剂到用于细胞 DNA 递送的生物可裂解复合物。分子泵有可能为合成精确的机械联锁材料开辟一条当代道路，尤其是那些依赖于非平衡化学的材料以及与储能和纳米医学相关的材料。
更新日期：2022-10-03
中文翻译：
聚轮烷和泵模式
2022 年是科学文献中首次报道聚轮烷的 30 周年。在过去的三个十年中，已经合成和表征了许多分子环和聚合物链的组合。然而，直到最近，研究人员可用的聚轮烷排列还受到合成方法的限制，合成方法通常依赖于分子环和聚合物链之间的先天亲和力。随着 2015 年形成低聚轮烷的分子泵的出现，现在可以将多个环泵入对环几乎没有亲和力或没有亲和力的低聚物和聚合物链上。这些分子泵可以从溶液中主动募集环以形成精确的聚轮烷，代表了该领域的重大突破。本教程回顾重点介绍了聚轮烷合成和研究的关键里程碑，以及与分子泵相关的合成和理论的最新进展。聚轮烷因其拓扑结构而具有的特性使它们在材料、电子和生物科学的广泛应用中抢占了传统聚合物的先机，从滑环凝胶到手机上的坚固涂层，从分子线到柔性粘合剂用于电池阳极，从高效的多价蛋白质粘合剂到用于细胞 DNA 递送的生物可裂解复合物。分子泵有可能为合成精确的机械联锁材料开辟一条当代道路，尤其是那些依赖于非平衡化学的材料以及与储能和纳米医学相关的材料。
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