Relativity opens the door to a counterintuitive fact: A state can be stable to perturbations in one frame of reference and unstable in another one. For this reason, the job of testing the stability of states that are not Lorentz invariant can be very cumbersome. We show that two observers can disagree on whether a state is stable or unstable only if the perturbations can exit the light cone. Furthermore, we show that, if a perturbation exits the light cone and its intensity changes with time due to dissipation, then there are always two observers that disagree on the stability of the state. Hence, “stability” is a Lorentz-invariant property of dissipative theories if and only if the principle of causality is respected. We present 14 applications to physical problems from all areas of relativistic physics ranging from theory to simulation.

中文翻译：

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我们可以在没有因果关系的情况下理解耗散吗？

相对论为一个违反直觉的事实打开了大门：一个状态可以在一个参考系中对扰动保持稳定，而在另一个参考系中则不稳定。出于这个原因，测试非洛伦兹不变量状态稳定性的工作可能非常繁琐。我们表明，只有当扰动可以离开光锥时，两个观察者才能在状态是稳定还是不稳定的问题上存在分歧。此外，我们表明，如果扰动离开光锥并且由于耗散而其强度随时间变化，那么总会有两个观察者对状态的稳定性持不同意见。因此，“稳定性”是耗散理论的洛伦兹不变性质当且仅当因果原则得到尊重。我们展示了从理论到模拟的所有相对论物理学领域的物理问题的 14 个应用。