Global forests suffer from increasing drought pressure, as drought are more intense, and last for longer, and occur more frequently, but how drought intensity and duration affect post-drought growth recovery and compensatory growth is still poorly known. Understanding the immediate and subsequent impacts of drought on tree growth is key to predict future forest dynamics. Here, we used a network of tree-ring data of 735 Quercus mongolica trees from 27 sites of North China representing a large portion of its distribution to study the effects of drought intensity and duration on radial growth. We analyzed growth resistance, recovery, and resilience of Q. mongolica by linking it to drought intensity and duration, and further quantified the post-drought growth trajectories. Our results confirmed that current summer drought is a major influence on radial growth of Q. mongolica across its distribution. While drought occurrence was related to decreased growth even for incipient droughts, we found no differences in growth decline with drought severity. Although drought intensity did not alter growth decline in dry years, drought intensity was positively related to recovery and resilience indices. The damage of recovery is due to the extension of drought duration rather than drought intensity. However, post-drought growth was even more strongly related to drought duration and not intensity. Q. mongolica showed compensatory growth in the year following single-year droughts before returning to pre-drought growth-levels, while multi-year drought led to little to no compensatory growth and prolonged growth reductions. Hence, multi-year drought is the key to predict post-drought recovery of Q. mongolica including compensatory growth in an increasingly arid climate.

全球森林遭受越来越大的干旱压力，因为干旱更加强烈，持续时间更长，发生频率更高，但干旱强度和持续时间如何影响干旱后的生长恢复和补偿性生长仍然知之甚少。了解干旱对树木生长的直接和后续影响是预测未来森林动态的关键。在这里，我们使用来自华北 27 个地点的735 棵蒙古栎树的年轮数据网络，代表其分布的很大一部分，以研究干旱强度和持续时间对径向生长的影响。我们分析了蒙古栎的生长阻力、恢复和恢复力通过将其与干旱强度和持续时间联系起来，并进一步量化干旱后的生长轨迹。我们的研究结果证实，当前的夏季干旱是对蒙古栎在其分布中的径向生长的主要影响。虽然即使对于初期干旱，干旱的发生也与生长下降有关，但我们发现生长下降与干旱严重程度没有差异。尽管干旱强度并没有改变干旱年份的增长下降，但干旱强度与恢复和恢复指数呈正相关。恢复的损害是由于干旱持续时间的延长而不是干旱强度。然而，干旱后的生长与干旱持续时间的关系更为密切，而不是强度。Q. 蒙古在恢复到干旱前的增长水平之前，在单年干旱之后的一年中显示出补偿性增长，而多年干旱几乎没有导致补偿性增长和长期的增长减少。因此，多年干旱是预测蒙古栎干旱后恢复的关键，包括在日益干旱的气候中的补偿性生长。