Both microplastics (MPs) and cadmium (Cd) are common contaminants in soil-rice systems, but their combined effects remain unknown. Thereby, we explored the effects of three MPs, i.e., polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polylactic acid (PLA), and polyester (PES), on Cd accumulation in rice and the community diversity and structure of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in soil spiked with or without Cd. Results showed that 2% PLA decreased shoot biomass (−28%), but PET had a weaker inhibitive effect. Overall, Cd alone did not significantly change shoot and root biomass and increased root biomass in combination with 0.2% PES. MPs generally increased soil Cd availability but decreased Cd accumulation in rice tissues. Both MPs and Cd improved the bioavailability and uptake of Fe and Mn in rice roots. MPs altered the diversity and community composition of AMF, depending on their type and dose and co-existing Cd. Overall, 2% PLA caused the most distinct changes in soil properties, plant growth and Cd accumulation, and AMF communities, but showed no synergistic interactions with Cd. In conclusion, MPs can mediate rice performance and Cd accumulation via altering soil properties, nutrient uptake, and root mycorrhizal communities, and biodegradable PLA MPs thought environment-friendly can exhibit higher phytotoxicity than conventional MPs.

微塑料 (MPs) 和镉 (Cd) 都是土壤-水稻系统中的常见污染物，但它们的综合影响仍然未知。因此，我们探讨了聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯 (PET)、聚乳酸 (PLA) 和聚酯 (PES) 三种 MPs 对水稻 Cd 积累以及土壤中丛枝菌根真菌 (AMF) 群落多样性和结构的影响。加标或不加 Cd。结果表明，2% 的 PLA 降低了枝条生物量（-28%），但 PET 的抑制作用较弱。总体而言，单独的 Cd 并没有显着改变枝条和根生物量，并且与 0.2% PES 组合增加了根生物量。MPs 通常会增加土壤 Cd 的有效性，但会减少水稻组织中的 Cd 积累。MPs 和 Cd 都提高了水稻根部对 Fe 和 Mn 的生物利用度和吸收。MPs 改变了 AMF 的多样性和群落组成，这取决于它们的类型和剂量以及共存的 Cd。总体而言，2% PLA 在土壤性质、植物生长和 Cd 积累以及 AMF 群落方面引起最明显的变化，但与 Cd 没有协同作用。总之，MPs 可以通过改变土壤性质、养分吸收和根菌根群落来调节水稻性能和 Cd 积累，并且认为环境友好的可生物降解 PLA MPs 比传统 MPs 具有更高的植物毒性。