The polymerization of biomolecules is a central operation in biology that connects molecular signals with proliferative and information-rich events in cells. As molecules arrange precisely across 3-D space, they create new functional capabilities such as catalysis and transport highways and exhibit new phase separation phenomena that fuel nonequilibrium dynamics in cells. Hence, the observed polymer chemistry manifests itself as a molecular basis leading to cellular phenotypes, expressed as a multitude of hierarchical structures found in cell biology. Although many milestone discoveries had accompanied the rise of the synthetic polymer era, fundamental studies were realized within a closed, pristine environment and that their behavior in a complex multicomponent system remains challenging and thus unexplored. From this perspective, there is a rich trove of undiscovered knowledge that awaits the polymer science community that can revolutionize understanding in the interactive nanoscale world of the living cell.

中文翻译：

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活细胞中的高分子化学

生物分子的聚合是生物学的核心操作，它将分子信号与细胞中的增殖和信息丰富的事件联系起来。当分子在 3D 空间中精确排列时，它们会产生新的功能，例如催化和运输高速公路，并表现出新的相分离现象，从而促进细胞中的非平衡动力学。因此，观察到的聚合物化学本身表现为导致细胞表型的分子基础，表现为细胞生物学中发现的多种分层结构。尽管许多里程碑式的发现伴随着合成聚合物时代的兴起，但基础研究是在封闭、原始的环境中实现的，并且它们在复杂的多组分系统中的行为仍然具有挑战性，因此尚未被探索。从这个角度来看，