The main challenge in shrimp farming is the high prevalence of diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria from the Vibrionaceae family. Natural extracts enriched with prebiotic and antibacterial compounds have been proposed as alternatives to the controversial use of antibiotics. In this study, a flavonoid-enriched extract (11.54 ± 1.81 mg QE/g DW) obtained from Agave lechuguilla bagasse was evaluated as a feed supplement at 0.0, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.6% in the diet for the Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei), before and after infection with Vibrio parahaemolyticus strain CIBGEN-003. The effect of the lechuguilla extract on the gut microbiome and vibriosis prevalence was assessed through high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes analysis, comparing the bacterial community at 0 h, 48 h, and 72 h of the challenge with the pathogenic strain. A global shift in the relative abundance was observed at phylum and class level and among the dietary treatments during the infection. In particular, an increase in the abundance of Vibrionaceae was observed. A higher survival of the shrimp fed with the lechuguilla extract was observed compared to control, and a lower vibriosis prevalence with the two highest inclusion levels, 0.3 and 0.6%. These findings were related to the differences in the microbial community, according to the inclusion level of the lechuguilla extract before the inoculation of V. parahaemolyticus. Results provide a new perspective to further understand the required structure of the gut microbiome to prevent diseases in shrimp farming. Modulation of the gut microbial community by the flavonoids, quantified in the lechuguilla extract, significantly increased the resistance of P. vanamei against V. parahaemolyticus, supporting the use of plant extracts as alternatives to traditional disease-fighting aquaculture practices.

对虾养殖的主要挑战是由弧菌科病原菌引起的疾病的高流行率。已经提出富含益生元和抗菌化合物的天然提取物作为有争议的抗生素使用的替代品。在这项研究中，从龙舌兰 lechuguilla甘蔗渣中获得的富含类黄酮的提取物 (11.54 ± 1.81 mg QE/g DW)被评估为太平洋白虾 ( Penaeus ) 日粮中 0.0、0.1、0.3 和 0.6% 的饲料补充剂。vannamei ), 感染副溶血性弧菌前后菌株 CIBGEN-003。通过 16S rRNA 基因分析的高通量测序，比较攻击 0 小时、48 小时和 72 小时的细菌群落与致病菌株，评估了 lechuguilla 提取物对肠道微生物组和弧菌病流行率的影响。在门和类水平以及感染期间的饮食治疗中观察到相对丰度的全球变化。尤其是弧菌科的丰度增加被观测到。与对照组相比，观察到用 lechuguilla 提取物喂养的虾的存活率更高，并且弧菌病的流行率较低，两个最高的包含水平，0.3% 和 0.6%。根据接种副溶血性弧菌前lechuguilla提取物的含量，这些发现与微生物群落的差异有关。结果提供了一个新的视角来进一步了解肠道微生物组的结构以预防养虾业的疾病。在 lechuguilla 提取物中量化的类黄酮对肠道微生物群落的调节显着增加了P. vanamei对副溶血性弧菌的抗性，支持使用植物提取物作为传统抗病水产养殖实践的替代品。