Moderate hypoxic exposure for 4 weeks reduces body fat percentage and increases fat-free mass in trained individuals: a randomized crossover study,Sleep and Breathing

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Moderate hypoxic exposure for 4 weeks reduces body fat percentage and increases fat-free mass in trained individuals: a randomized crossover study
Sleep and Breathing ( IF 2.1 ) Pub Date : 2022-09-30 , DOI: 10.1007/s11325-022-02713-z
Thomas Christian Bonne ₁ , Jan Sommer Jeppesen ₁ , Jacob Bejder ₁ , Andreas Breenfeldt Andersen _{1,

2} , Niels Vidiendal Olsen ₃ , Jesús Rodríguez Huertas ₄ , Nikolai Baastrup Nordsborg ₁

Affiliation

Purpose

We evaluated whether or not changes in body composition following moderate hypoxic exposure for 4 weeks were different compared to sea level exposure.

Methods

In a randomized crossover design, nine trained participants were exposed to 2320 m of altitude or sea level for 4 weeks, separated by > 3 months. Body fat percentage (BF%), fat mass (FM), and fat-free mass (FFM) were determined before and after each condition by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and weekly by a bioelectrical impedance scanner to determine changes with a high resolution. Training volume was quantified during both interventions.

Results

Hypoxic exposure reduced (P < 0.01) BF% by 2 ± 1 percentage points and increased (P < 0.01) FFM by 2 ± 2% determined by DXA. A tending time × treatment effect existed for FM determined by DXA (P = 0.06), indicating a reduced FM in hypoxia by 8 ± 7% (P < 0.01). Regional body analysis revealed reduced (P < 0.01) BF% and FFM and an increased (P < 0.01) FFM in the truncus area. No changes were observed following sea level. Bioelectrical impedance determined that BF%, FM, and FFM did not reveal any differences between interventions. Urine specific gravity measured simultaneously as body composition was identical. Training volume was similar between interventions (509 ± 70 min/week vs. 432 ± 70 min/week, respectively).

Conclusions

Four weeks of altitude exposure reduced BF% and increased FFM in trained individuals as opposed to sea level exposure. The results also indicate that a decrease in FM is greater at altitude compared to sea level. Changes were specifically observed in the truncus area.

中文翻译：

接受过训练的个体中度缺氧 4 周可降低体脂百分比并增加去脂体重：一项随机交叉研究

目的

我们评估了中度缺氧暴露 4 周后身体成分的变化与海平面暴露相比是否有所不同。

方法

在随机交叉设计中，9 名受过训练的参与者暴露在海拔 2320 米或海平面 4 周，间隔 > 3 个月。在每种情况之前和之后通过双 X 射线吸收测定法 (DXA) 测定体脂百分比 (BF%)、脂肪量 (FM) 和去脂体重 (FFM)，并每周通过生物电阻抗扫描仪测定体脂百分比 (BF%)、脂肪量 (FM) 和去脂量 (FFM)，以确定高分辨率。两次干预期间的训练量均被量化。

结果

根据 DXA 测定，缺氧暴露使 BF% 降低 ( P < 0.01) 2 ± 1 个百分点，并使 FFM 增加 ( P < 0.01) 2 ± 2%。DXA 测定的 FM 存在护理时间 × 治疗效果（P = 0.06），表明缺氧时 FM 降低 8 ± 7%（P < 0.01）。区域身体分析显示，躯干区域BF% 和 FFM减少 ( P < 0.01)，FFM 增加 ( P < 0.01)。海平面上升后没有观察到任何变化。生物电阻抗确定 BF%、FM 和 FFM 没有揭示干预措施之间的任何差异。当身体成分相同时，同时测量尿比重。干预措施之间的训练量相似（分别为 509 ± 70 分钟/周 vs. 432 ± 70 分钟/周）。