Marijuana use during adolescence may result in altered neurocognitive functioning; therefore, preventing or delaying the onset of marijuana use is a public health concern. Parenting styles have been consistently identified as influential risk factors for adolescent drug use. However, most relevant studies have focused on non-Latin American populations. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the influence of parenting styles on the reasons for Costa Rican adolescents’ willingness to use marijuana using Structural Equation Models. 728 urban and rural adolescents (aged 13–18) participated in the study. Mothers and fathers rated as having an authoritative style were negatively related to the willingness to use marijuana (β = −0.18 and β = −0.13, respectively, p < 0.05), while mothers and fathers rated as having an authoritarian style were positively associated with this outcome (β = 0.13, β = 0.12, respectively, p < 0.01). Mothers rated as having a permissive style showed a positive association too (β = 0.13, p < 0.01). An authoritative style in both parents was negatively associated with the reasons for willingness to use marijuana: emotion regulation, social approval and fun, and perceived access to marijuana. Meanwhile, an authoritarian style presented positive and significant associations. Mothers rated as having a permissive style were positively related to emotion regulation (β = 0.11, p < 0.05), and social approval and fun (β = 0.09, p < 0.05). Reasons to use marijuana vary according to parenting styles, sociocultural context and same-sex parent/child dyads (mother/daughter, father/son). Hence, a careful examination of the relationships between these variables in various adolescent subpopulations will be a critical step in developing practical, culturally tailored adolescent health promotion interventions.

青春期使用大麻可能会导致神经认知功能改变；因此，预防或延缓吸食大麻是一个公共卫生问题。养育方式一直被认为是青少年吸毒的影响危险因素。然而，大多数相关研究都集中在非拉丁美洲人群。这项横断面研究旨在使用结构方程模型确定养育方式对哥斯达黎加青少年愿意使用大麻的原因的影响。728名城乡青少年（13-18岁）参加了研究。被评为具有权威风格的母亲和父亲与使用大麻的意愿呈负相关（分别为β = -0.18 和 β = -0.13，p < 0.05），而被评为具有威权风格的母亲和父亲与这一结果呈正相关（分别为β = 0.13，β = 0.12，p  < 0.01）。被评为具有宽容风格的母亲也显示出正相关（β = 0.13，p  < 0.01）。父母双方的权威风格与愿意使用大麻的原因呈负相关：情绪调节、社会认可和乐趣，以及对大麻的感知。同时，专制风格呈现出积极而重要的关联。被评为宽容风格的母亲与情绪调节（β = 0.11，p  < 0.05）、社会认可和乐趣（β = 0.09，p < 0.05)。使用大麻的原因因育儿方式、社会文化背景和同性父母/子女（母亲/女儿、父亲/儿子）而异。因此，仔细检查各种青少年亚群中这些变量之间的关系将是开发实用的、针对文化的青少年健康促进干预措施的关键步骤。