Sarcoma comprises a heterogenous entity of musculoskeletal malignancies arising from a mesenchymal origin. The diagnosis and management of pediatric sarcoma requires a multidisciplinary approach and the use of various imaging modalities including CT, MRI and FDG PET scans. FDG PET/CT (FDG PET), as a metabolic imaging, complements and provides superior diagnostic information as against other imaging modalities alone. Advantages of FDG PET in differentiating malignant sarcomatous lesions from benign lesions, and value in staging and restaging have been noted in several studies. The use of FDG PET in clinical management has increased over the years. The data on prognostication of outcomes or predicting responders to therapy with FDG PET in patients with sarcoma is somewhat limited. This review will focus on the pearls and pitfalls of FDG PET and role of FDG PET in initial extent of disease assessment, treatment response, and surveillance imaging pertaining to osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, Ewing’s sarcoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma. We also discuss the limitations and unmet needs of FDG PET in the management of patients with sarcoma.

肉瘤包括起源于间充质细胞的肌肉骨骼恶性肿瘤的异质实体。小儿肉瘤的诊断和治疗需要多学科方法和使用各种成像方式，包括 CT、MRI 和 FDG PET 扫描。FDG PET/CT (FDG PET) 作为一种代谢成像，与单独的其他成像方式相比，可以补充并提供卓越的诊断信息。FDG PET 在区分恶性肉瘤病变和良性病变方面的优势，以及在分期和再分期中的价值已在多项研究中得到证实。多年来，FDG PET 在临床管理中的使用有所增加。肉瘤患者预后或预测 FDG PET 治疗反应的数据有限。这篇综述将重点关注 FDG PET 的优点和缺陷，以及 FDG PET 在与骨肉瘤、软骨肉瘤、尤文氏肉瘤和横纹肌肉瘤相关的疾病评估、治疗反应和监测成像的初始范围中的作用。我们还讨论了 FDG PET 在肉瘤患者管理中的局限性和未满足的需求。