The recent development of small, single-amplicon-based benchtop systems for pyrosequencing has opened up a host of novel procedures for applications in forensic science. Pyrosequencing is a sequencing by synthesis technique, based on chemiluminescent inorganic pyrophosphate detection. This review explains the pyrosequencing workflow and illustrates the step-by-step chemistry, followed by a description of the assay design and factors to keep in mind for an exemplary assay. Existing and potential forensic applications are highlighted using this technology. Current applications include identifying species, identifying bodily fluids, and determining smoking status. We also review progress in potential applications for the future, including research on distinguishing monozygotic twins, detecting alcohol and drug abuse, and other phenotypic characteristics such as diet and body mass index. Overall, the versatility of the pyrosequencing technologies renders it a useful tool in forensic genomics.

中文翻译：

---

焦磷酸测序：当前的法医方法和未来的应用——综述

最近开发的用于焦磷酸测序的小型、基于单扩增子的台式系统为法医学应用开辟了许多新程序。焦磷酸测序是一种基于化学发光无机焦磷酸盐检测的边合成边测序技术。这篇评论解释了焦磷酸测序工作流程并说明了分步化学，然后描述了分析设计和示例性分析要牢记的因素。使用该技术突出显示了现有和潜在的取证应用程序。目前的应用包括识别物种、识别体液和确定吸烟状况。我们还回顾了未来潜在应用的进展，包括区分同卵双胞胎、检测酒精和药物滥用的研究，以及其他表型特征，例如饮食和体重指数。总体而言，焦磷酸测序技术的多功能性使其成为法医基因组学中的有用工具。