Accurately quantifying industry resilience is essential to devising effective recovery strategies. Previous research into industry resilience has either quantified the concept with single metrics aggregated across large geographies (e.g., visitation) or used metrics comparing the relative concentration of an industry within a region to the national average (e.g., location quotients). The former set of metrics prohibits spatially targeted recovery efforts while the latter fails during national crises. We propose the measurement of tourism and outdoor recreation industry resilience to COVID-19 based on growth rates in employment, wages, and establishments using publicly accessible time-series data on all counties in the United States. We use these indicators to characterize the spatio-temporal patterns of industry resilience across the country. The indicators can serve as a useful reference for diagnosing and monitoring industry resilience as well as developing targeted policies, programs, and promotion efforts that facilitate more localized response efforts.

中文翻译：

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在整个 COVID-19 大流行期间，美国旅游和户外休闲产业的空间和时间弹性


准确量化行业弹性对于制定有效的复苏策略至关重要。先前对行业弹性的研究要么使用跨大型地理区域汇总的单一指标（例如访问量）来量化该概念，要么使用将某个地区内的行业相对集中度与全国平均水平进行比较的指标（例如区位商）。前一组指标禁止空间针对性的恢复工作，而后者在国家危机期间失败。我们建议使用美国所有县的公开时间序列数据，根据就业、工资和设施的增长率来衡量旅游和户外休闲行业对 COVID-19 的抵御能力。我们使用这些指标来表征全国行业弹性的时空模式。这些指标可以作为诊断和监测行业复原力以及制定有针对性的政策、计划和促进工作以促进更加本地化的应对工作的有用参考。