Recent scholars of the professions have argued that a new hybrid form of professionalism is becoming dominant. This new form combines traditional commitments to ethics and community service with new commitments to managerial and entrepreneurial objectives. We analyze the perceptions of 4,300 U.S. graduate students in 21 fields concerning how well their programs have prepared them for leadership and management and for ethics and community service. These assessments allow us to examine the prevalence of this new conception of professionalism and to examine it in relation to two other conceptions: the “neo-classical” emphasis on ethics and community service as opposed to leadership and management, and another that emphasizes a divergence between business and technical professions on one side and social and cultural professions on the other. Hybridization was comparatively rare but occurred more frequently among students preparing for management, law, and medicine, and among men and students from more affluent families. We also find some support for the neo-classical thesis insofar as students tended to score higher on the ethics and community measure than on the leadership and management measure. However, the largest number of students took positions consistent with the divergence thesis.

最近的专业学者认为，一种新的混合专业形式正在成为主导。这种新形式将传统的道德和社区服务承诺与对管理和创业目标的新承诺相结合。我们分析了 21 个领域的 4,300 名美国研究生对他们的项目如何为领导和管理以及道德和社区服务做好准备的看法。这些评估使我们能够检验这种新的专业精神概念的流行程度，并将其与其他两个概念联系起来：“新古典主义”强调道德和社区服务，而不是领导和管理，另一个强调分歧一方面是商业和技术专业，另一方面是社会和文化专业。杂交相对较少见，但在准备管理、法律和医学的学生以及来自较富裕家庭的男性和学生中更常见。我们还发现了对新古典主义论文的一些支持，因为学生在道德和社区方面的得分往往高于在领导和管理方面的得分。然而，最多的学生采取了与分歧论文一致的立场。