Bike-sharing systems (BSS) are gaining popularity in cities worldwide, as a part of a generalized strategy to mitigate the problems derived from motorized transportation (congestion, pollution, noise, etc.). These systems have proved to have positive effects on cities, moreover, many of them have reached a performance peak and require improvements to attract/retain users and compete against emerging soft mobility alternatives. Whilst there are broad studies evaluating BSS demand and design, less attention has been paid to user satisfaction and the complexities underlying the relationships between the system attributes importance. This study proposes a novel combination of two methodologies for satisfaction assessment that allows decision-makers to identify the most influential system attributes on user satisfaction. The combined methods are the direct, explicit, Importance Performance Analysis (IPA), and the nonlinear, implicit Three-Factor Theory (3FT), which combined generate a three-dimensional scheme that facilitates the comprehension of the results. The combination was applied to a dataset of Madrid´s BSS to identify the attributes that perform poorly, and then assess their implicit influence on satisfaction to establish improvement priorities. The results suggest that station occupancy and bicycle availability and totem functioning are key service attributes to enhance satisfaction. Also, the combination of the two methodologies makes it possible to differentiate that maintenance is a priority for subscribers and network extension for occasional users. The pedelec system is a key attribute that might help overcome Madrid´s unfavorable cycling environment. This user-centric evaluation is a valuable tool that guides precise measure implementation, service operation, future design, and planning oriented to increase ridership.

自行车共享系统 (BSS) 在世界各地的城市中越来越受欢迎，作为缓解机动交通问题（拥堵、污染、噪音等）的通用战略的一部分。事实证明，这些系统对城市产生了积极影响，此外，其中许多系统已达到性能峰值，需要进行改进以吸引/留住用户并与新兴的软移动替代方案竞争。虽然有广泛的研究评估 BSS 需求和设计，但对用户满意度和系统属性重要性之间关系的复杂性关注较少。本研究提出了两种满意度评估方法的新组合，使决策者能够识别对用户满意度最有影响的系统属性。重要性性能分析(IPA) 和非线性隐式三因素理论(3FT) 相结合，生成了一个有助于理解结果的三维方案。该组合被应用于马德里 BSS 的数据集，以识别表现不佳的属性，然后评估它们对满意度的隐含影响，以确定改进的优先级。结果表明，车站占用率和自行车可用性以及图腾功能是提高满意度的关键服务属性。此外，这两种方法的结合可以区分维护是用户的优先事项和网络扩展对于偶尔的用户。电动自行车系统是一个关键属性，可能有助于克服马德里不利的自行车环境。这种以用户为中心的评估是一种有价值的工具，可以指导精确的措施实施、服务运营、未来设计和以增加乘客量为导向的规划。