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Microplastics in surface sediments of a highly urbanized wetland
Environmental Pollution ( IF 7.6 ) Pub Date : 2022-09-27 , DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120276
Farideh Amini Birami 1 , Behnam Keshavarzi 1 , Farid Moore 1 , Rosa Busquets 2 , Seyed Ghasem Ghorbanzadeh Zafarani 3 , Reza Golshani 4 , Hamidreza Cheshmvahm 1
Affiliation  

This study investigates the incidence of MPs in surface sediment samples, collected from the Anzali Wetland, Gillan province, North of Iran. This natural habitat receives municipal wastewater effluents and hosts industries and recreational activities that could release plastic to the wetland. There is need for studies to understand MPs pollution in wetlands. A total of 40 superficial sediment samples were taken covering potential pollution hotspots in the wetland. The average level of MPs was 362 ± 327.6 MP/kg: the highest MPs levels were near the outlet of a highly urbanized river (Pirbazar River) (1380 MP/kg), which runs through Rasht city. This was followed by 1255 MP/kg where there was intense fishing, boating and tourism activities in the vicinity of Bandar-e Anzali city. Fibers were the most common type of MPs (80% of the total MPs detected). The MPs polluting the wetland were predominantly white/transparent (42%), and about 40% of them were >1000 μm. Polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) prevailed in MPs found. MPs were characterized with polarized light microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Microplastics levels were found to correlate significantly (p > 0.7) with electrical conductivity (EC) and sand-size fraction of the sediments. Coarse-grained sediments presented large capacity to lodge the MPs. This study can be used to establish protection policies in wetlands and newly highlights the opportunity of intercepting MPs in the Anzali Wetland, which are generally >250 μm, before they fragment further.



中文翻译:

高度城市化湿地表层沉积物中的微塑料

本研究调查了从伊朗北部吉兰省的 Anzali 湿地采集的表层沉积物样品中 MPs 的发生率。这个自然栖息地接收城市废水,并举办可能向湿地释放塑料的工业和娱乐活动。需要进行研究以了解湿地中的 MPs 污染。共采集40个表层沉积物样本,覆盖湿地潜在污染热点。MPs 的平均水平为 362 ± 327.6 MP/kg:最高的 MPs 水平位于流经拉什特市的高度城市化河流(Pirbazar 河)的出口附近(1380 MP/kg)。其次是 1255 MP/kg,在 Bandar-e Anzali 市附近有激烈的捕鱼、划船和旅游活动。纤维是最常见的 MP 类型(占检测到的总 MP 的 80%)。污染湿地的 MPs 主要是白色/透明 (42%),其中约 40% 大于 1000 μm。聚丙烯 (PP) 和聚乙烯 (PE) 在发现的国会议员中占主导地位。MPs 用偏振光显微镜、拉曼光谱、扫描电子显微镜和能量色散 X 射线光谱进行表征。发现微塑料水平与沉积物的电导率 (EC) 和沙粒大小显着相关 (p > 0.7)。粗粒沉积物具有很大的容纳 MP 的能力。该研究可用于制定湿地保护政策,并新强调了在 Anzali 湿地拦截 MPs(通常 > 250 μm)的机会,然后再进一步破碎。其中约 40% > 1000 μm。聚丙烯 (PP) 和聚乙烯 (PE) 在发现的国会议员中占主导地位。MPs 用偏振光显微镜、拉曼光谱、扫描电子显微镜和能量色散 X 射线光谱进行表征。发现微塑料水平与沉积物的电导率 (EC) 和沙粒大小显着相关 (p > 0.7)。粗粒沉积物具有很大的容纳 MP 的能力。该研究可用于制定湿地保护政策,并新强调了在 Anzali 湿地拦截 MPs(通常 > 250 μm)的机会,然后再进一步破碎。其中约 40% > 1000 μm。聚丙烯 (PP) 和聚乙烯 (PE) 在发现的国会议员中占主导地位。MPs 用偏振光显微镜、拉曼光谱、扫描电子显微镜和能量色散 X 射线光谱进行表征。发现微塑料水平与沉积物的电导率 (EC) 和沙粒大小显着相关 (p > 0.7)。粗粒沉积物具有很大的容纳 MP 的能力。该研究可用于制定湿地保护政策,并新强调了在 Anzali 湿地拦截 MPs(通常 > 250 μm)的机会,然后再进一步破碎。扫描电子显微镜与能量色散 X 射线光谱学相结合。发现微塑料水平与沉积物的电导率 (EC) 和沙粒大小显着相关 (p > 0.7)。粗粒沉积物具有很大的容纳 MP 的能力。该研究可用于制定湿地保护政策,并新强调了在 Anzali 湿地拦截 MPs(通常 > 250 μm)的机会,然后再进一步破碎。扫描电子显微镜与能量色散 X 射线光谱学相结合。发现微塑料水平与沉积物的电导率 (EC) 和沙粒大小显着相关 (p > 0.7)。粗粒沉积物具有很大的容纳 MP 的能力。该研究可用于制定湿地保护政策,并新强调了在 Anzali 湿地拦截 MPs(通常 > 250 μm)的机会,然后再进一步破碎。

更新日期:2022-10-02
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