A worrisome fact is the increase in microbial resistance, which has as its main cause the indiscriminate use of antibiotics. Scientific studies have investigated bioactive compounds such as steroidal sapogenins, in the perspective of new beneficial alternatives for the control of bacterial resistance. Therefore, the objective of this work was to verify the antibacterial activity as well as the modifying action of antibiotics associated with solasodine and its ability to inhibit the efflux pump mechanism in strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Tests were performed to verify the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). In addition, the action-modifying potential of antibiotics and the inhibitory capacity of the efflux pump NorA and MepA through synergistic effects on the antibiotic and ethidium bromide were evaluated. Solasodine showed significant results for the standard bacteria with an MIC of 512 μg/mL, and when associated with the antibiotics gentamicin and nofloxacin for the multidrug-resistant bacteria S. aureus 10, Escherichia coli 06, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 24, it showed a 50% reduction in MIC. The association of solasodine with the antibiotic ciprofloxacin against S. aureus K2068 (MepA) showed synergism, with a reduction in the MIC of the antibiotic from 64 μg/mL to 40 μg/mL, and also a reduction in the MIC when the antibiotic was used in conjunction with the efflux pump inhibitors. Solasodine may be acting on the mechanism of action of the antibiotic, as it has shown a potentiating effect when associated with antibiotics, inducing a reduction in the MIC against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Therefore, this study demonstrated significant results for the potentiating action of solasodine when associated with antibiotics of clinical importance.

中文翻译：

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索拉索定增强对金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌作用和外排泵抑制作用

一个令人担忧的事实是微生物耐药性的增加，其主要原因是滥用抗生素。科学研究从控制细菌耐药性的新有益替代品的角度研究了生物活性化合物，例如甾体皂苷元。因此，这项工作的目的是验证与索拉索定相关的抗生素的抗菌活性和修饰作用及其抑制金黄色葡萄球菌菌株外排泵机制的能力。. 进行测试以验证最小抑制浓度 (MIC)。此外，通过对抗生素和溴化乙锭的协同作用，评估了抗生素的作用修饰潜力以及外排泵 NorA 和 MepA 的抑制能力。索拉索定对标准细菌的 MIC 为 512 μg/mL，显示出显着的结果，当与抗生素庆大霉素和诺氟沙星联合使用时，对多重耐药细菌S. aureus 10、Escherichia coli 06 和Pseudomonas aeruginosa 24 显示出 50 MIC 减少 %。索拉索定与抗生素环丙沙星对抗金黄色葡萄球菌的关联K2068 (MepA) 显示出协同作用，抗生素的 MIC 从 64 μg/mL 降低到 40 μg/mL，当抗生素与外排泵抑制剂联合使用时，MIC 也降低。索拉索定可能作用于抗生素的作用机制，因为它在与抗生素相关时显示出增强作用，导致对革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性细菌的 MIC 降低。因此，这项研究表明，当与具有临床重要性的抗生素相关时，索拉索定的增强作用具有显着结果。