Anti-cancer treatments, as well as cancer itself, reduce children’s cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, and gross motor functions. Early rehabilitation programs, including physical activity for childhood cancer patients, can counteract these adverse effects. Previous studies of school-aged children (6–18 years old) indicate that physical activity, including aerobic and resistance training, is safe, feasible, and effective. The goal of structured physical activity rehabilitation for preschool children (1–5 years old) is to support gross motor development and opportunities to move freely in various ways. Specific rehabilitation for preschoolers diagnosed with cancer is needed to promote physical-, social-, and personal development. This paper introduces a conceptual model—The RePlay (Rehabilitation including structured active play) Model—for organizing physical rehabilitation sessions based on structured active play for preschoolers with cancer. The theory and empirically based model combine knowledge of early childhood development, play, physical activity and rehabilitation for children with cancer, and cancer treatment. With this model, we propose how to structure rehabilitation sessions, including goal-oriented, age-sensitive, fun movement activities that facilitate preschoolers to develop gross motor skills while enhancing their social and personal skills, through four core principles: (1) ritual practices, (2) reinforcement of movement through repetition, (3) development through appropriate challenge, and (4) adjusting activities to accommodate treatment-related side effects. This model holds promise for use with preschoolers diagnosed with cancer, as it is scalable and pragmatic and accounts for the children’s fluctuating physical capacity and daily wellbeing during cancer treatment.

抗癌治疗以及癌症本身会降低儿童的心肺健康、肌肉力量和粗大运动功能。早期康复计划，包括针对儿童癌症患者的体育锻炼，可以抵消这些不利影响。以前对学龄儿童（6-18 岁）的研究表明，包括有氧和阻力训练在内的体育锻炼是安全、可行和有效的。学龄前儿童（1-5 岁）结构化身体活动康复的目标是支持粗大运动发展和以各种方式自由活动的机会。需要对被诊断患有癌症的学龄前儿童进行特定的康复治疗，以促进身体、社会和个人的发展。本文介绍了一个概念模型——RePlay（包括结构化主动游戏的康复）模型——用于为患有癌症的学龄前儿童组织基于结构化主动游戏的身体康复课程。该理论和基于经验的模型结合了癌症儿童早期发展、游戏、体育活动和康复以及癌症治疗的知识。通过这个模型，我们建议如何组织康复课程，包括以目标为导向的、年龄敏感的、有趣的运动活动，这些活动有助于学龄前儿童发展粗大运动技能，同时提高他们的社交和个人技能，通过四个核心原则：(1) 仪式实践，（2）通过重复加强运动，（3）通过适当的挑战发展，(4) 调整活动以适应与治疗相关的副作用。该模型有望用于被诊断患有癌症的学龄前儿童，因为它具有可扩展性和实用性，并考虑了儿童在癌症治疗期间波动的身体能力和日常健康状况。