A method of simulating the drying process of a soft matter solution with an implicit solvent model by moving the liquid-vapor interface is applied to various solution films and droplets. For a solution of a polymer and nanoparticles, we observe "polymer-on-top" stratification, similar to that found previously with an explicit solvent model. Furthermore, "polymer-on-top" is found even when the nanoparticle size is smaller than the radius of gyration of the polymer chains. For a suspension droplet of a bidisperse mixture of nanoparticles, we show that core-shell clusters of nanoparticles can be obtained via the "small-on-outside" stratification mechanism at fast evaporation rates. "Large-on-outside" stratification and uniform particle distribution are also observed when the evaporation rate is reduced. Polymeric particles with various morphologies, including Janus spheres, core-shell particles, and patchy particles, are produced from drying droplets of polymer solutions by combining fast evaporation with a controlled interaction between the polymers and the liquid-vapor interface. Our results validate the applicability of the moving interface method to a wide range of drying systems. The limitations of the method are pointed out and cautions are provided to potential practitioners on cases where the method might fail.

中文翻译：

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通过移动液-气界面模拟溶液干燥：方法和应用

一种利用隐式溶剂模型通过移动液-气界面模拟软物质溶液干燥过程的方法应用于各种溶液膜和液滴。对于聚合物和纳米粒子的解决方案，我们观察到“聚合物在顶部”分层，类似于之前使用显式溶剂模型发现的分层。此外，即使当纳米颗粒尺寸小于聚合物链的回转半径时，也发现了“顶部聚合物”。对于纳米粒子双分散混合物的悬浮液滴，我们表明可以通过快速蒸发速率下的“外部小”分层机制获得纳米粒子的核壳簇。当蒸发速率降低时，还观察到“大外”分层和均匀的颗粒分布。具有各种形态的聚合物颗粒，包括 Janus 球体、核壳颗粒和片状颗粒，是通过将快速蒸发与聚合物与液-气界面之间的受控相互作用相结合，由干燥的聚合物溶液液滴产生的。我们的结果验证了移动界面方法对各种干燥系统的适用性。指出了该方法的局限性，并就该方法可能失败的情况向潜在的从业者提供了警告。我们的结果验证了移动界面方法对各种干燥系统的适用性。指出了该方法的局限性，并就该方法可能失败的情况向潜在的从业者提供了警告。我们的结果验证了移动界面方法对各种干燥系统的适用性。指出了该方法的局限性，并就该方法可能失败的情况向潜在的从业者提供了警告。