Homogenization of Swedish mean monthly temperature series 1860–2021,International Journal of Climatology

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Homogenization of Swedish mean monthly temperature series 1860–2021
International Journal of Climatology ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2022-09-26 , DOI: 10.1002/joc.7881
L. Magnus T. Joelsson ₁ , Erik Engström ₁ , Erik Kjellström ₁

Affiliation

The Swedish monthly average 2 m temperature observational data set is homogenized with a new automated version of the homogenization tool HOMogenizaton softwarE in R. Data from 836 individual time series (1860–2021) are merged into 456 time series with a novel automatic merging method. Merging limits the need of interpolation of data and increase the number of long time series without a net loss of data. Twenty-two of the merged time series were found to be homogeneous. For the other time series, the median time per break-point is 17 years. 37% of the detected break-points are supported in meta data. 42% of the data are corrected by ±0.5°C or less, 3% by ±1°C or more. On average corrections are negative, larger in the early periods, and larger in the summertime. The average trend 1860–2021 in the resulting merged and homogenized data set is (0.13 ± 0.03)°C decade, which does not significantly differ from that of the raw observational data. Extremely warm months, defined as being outside of three times the standard deviation from the average of the full time series, are most frequent and extremely cold months least frequent in the most recent 30-year period (1991–2020). In the homogenized data set, extremely warm months are even more frequent and extremely cold months even less frequent in 1991–2020, than in the raw observational data set.

中文翻译：

1860-2021 年瑞典平均月温度序列的均质化

瑞典月平均 2 米温度观测数据集使用 R 中新的自动化版本的均质化工具 HOHogenizaton softwarE 进行均质化。来自 836 个单独时间序列 (1860–2021) 的数据通过一种新颖的自动合并方法合并为 456 个时间序列。合并限制了数据插值的需要，并增加了长时间序列的数量，而不会丢失数据。发现合并的时间序列中有 22 个是同质的。对于其他时间序列，每个断点的中位时间为 17 年。元数据支持 37% 的检测到的断点。42% 的数据校正了 ±0.5°C 或更小，3% 的数据校正了 ±1°C 或更多。平均而言，修正是负的，早期较大，夏季较大。由此产生的合并和均质化数据集中 1860-2021 年的平均趋势为 (0. 13 ± 0.03)°C decade，与原始观测数据没有显着差异。在最近 30 年期间（1991 年至 2020 年），极端温暖的月份被定义为在全时间序列平均值的标准偏差的三倍之外，是最频繁的，而极端寒冷的月份最少。在同质化数据集中，与原始观测数据集相比，1991-2020 年极端温暖月份的频率更高，极端寒冷月份的频率更低。

更新日期：2022-09-26

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