Solar desalination is a current green energy process in water treatment. In this process, producing solar evaporation materials is essential to the widespread diffusion of solar desalination technology. However, balancing cost and high evaporation performance poses an ongoing challenge. In this study, we prepared a self-floating fabric evaporator using a simple two-step method, first forming laser-induced graphene (LIG) by laser scribing technique on the surface of aramid fabric and then depositing nickel nanoparticles (NiNPs) on the LIG surface using magnetron sputtering. The porous aramid fabric provides a high water flux, and the NiNPs/LIG endows the aramid fabric with excellent photothermal properties. Compared with LIG alone, the addition of nickel nanoparticles with plasma effect can effectively reduce the heat loss due to light reflection from graphene, enhance light absorption, and efficiently achieve photothermal conversion. Under 1 solar irradiation (100 mW cm⁻²), the water evaporation rate of NiNPs/LIG up to 1.608 kg·m^−2·h⁻¹ with a conversion rate of 93 %. In addition, NiNPs/LIG formed a stable superhydrophobic structure on the fabric surface, effectively preventing salt deposition during desalination. More importantly, NiNPs/LIG has more excellent antibacterial properties than conventional solar desalination materials. Therefore, NiNPs/LIG has multiple water purification potentials in desalination and is a promising new solar absorber that deserves future attention.

太阳能海水淡化是当前水处理中的一种绿色能源工艺。在这个过程中，生产太阳能蒸发材料对于太阳能海水淡化技术的广泛传播至关重要。然而，平衡成本和高蒸发性能带来了持续的挑战。在这项研究中，我们使用简单的两步法制备了一种自浮式织物蒸发器，首先通过激光划线技术在芳纶织物表面形成激光诱导石墨烯 (LIG)，然后在 LIG 上沉积镍纳米粒子 (NiNPs)表面采用磁控溅射。多孔芳纶织物提供高水通量，NiNPs/LIG 赋予芳纶织物优异的光热性能。与单独的LIG相比，加入具有等离子体效应的镍纳米粒子，可以有效降低石墨烯因光反射造成的热损失，增强光吸收，高效实现光热转换。在 1 次太阳辐照下（100 mW cm^-2 )，NiNPs/LIG 的水分蒸发率高达 1.608 kg·m ^-2· h ^-1，转化率为 93 %。此外，NiNPs/LIG在织物表面形成稳定的超疏水结构，有效防止海水淡化过程中的盐分沉积。更重要的是，NiNPs/LIG 具有比传统太阳能海水淡化材料更优异的抗菌性能。因此，NiNPs/LIG在海水淡化中具有多种水净化潜力，是一种很有前途的新型太阳能吸收剂，值得未来关注。