Nanozymes has become a research hotspot in biomedical field because of its great enzyme-like catalytic performance and biological characteristics. As a potential substitute for natural enzyme, nanozymes have the advantages of low cost, strong catalytic performance and good stability. The discovery of nanozymes with atomically dispersed metal centers has attracted the focus of nanozymes research to the atomic level. Compared with nanoparticles nanozymes, the single-atom nanozymes with atomically dispersed single-metal sites and the atomically dispersed cluster nanozymes with atomically dispersed multi-metal sites have higher atomic utilization rate and thus have stronger catalytic performance. In addition, atomically dispersed active centers are beneficial to the regulation of catalytic performance and the study of structure-activity relationship. At present, the research on nanozymes with atomically dispersed metal centers has achieved many important results and showed considerable application value in biomedical field. This review presents the research progress of nanozymes with atomically dispersed metal centers and systematically summarizes their structure-activity relationships and biomedical applications. Finally, we discuss the current opportunities and challenges of nanozymes with atomically dispersed metal centers.

纳米酶因其良好的类酶催化性能和生物学特性而成为生物医学领域的研究热点。作为天然酶的潜在替代品，纳米酶具有成本低、催化性能强、稳定性好等优点。具有原子分散金属中心的纳米酶的发现将纳米酶研究的焦点吸引到了原子水平。与纳米粒子纳米酶相比，具有原子分散的单金属位点的单原子纳米酶和具有原子分散的多金属位点的簇纳米酶具有更高的原子利用率，因此具有更强的催化性能。此外，原子分散的活性中心有利于催化性能的调控和构效关系的研究。目前，金属中心原子分散的纳米酶的研究取得了许多重要成果，在生物医学领域显示出相当大的应用价值。本综述介绍了具有原子分散金属中心的纳米酶的研究进展，并系统地总结了它们的构效关系和生物医学应用。最后，我们讨论了具有原子分散金属中心的纳米酶的当前机遇和挑战。