People obtain a host of benefits and increased well-being from multi-sensory experiences in natural environments. In order to examine the effects of multi-sensory combinations, this study thus measured physiological (ST, SCL, α-EEG, β-EEG) and psychological (STAI-S) restoration and the overall perceived quality evaluation with four independent plant landscapes (lawn, rose garden, osmanthus garden and pine forest). Participants (308) were recruited and randomly assigned to 14 independent groups to experience one of the following stimuli: (1) only birdsong; (2) birdsong + photo (4 types); (3) birdsong + odor (4 types); and (4) birdsong + photo + congruent odor (4 types). Note that one group served as a control group. The main findings showed that: 1. Integrating visual stimuli of birdsong improved physiological restoration, and the overall perceived quality evaluation but held no psychological effect. 2. Introducing olfactory stimuli of birdsong had an adverse restoration physiologically and no significant effect on psychological restoration and the overall preference, but enhanced the perceived overall feelings of attraction to the landscape and a sense of overall harmony. 3. Introducing a combination of visual-olfactory stimuli led to increased physiological restoration (only for β-EEG) and overall perceived quality evaluation but also had no significant effect psychologically. These findings indicate that multisensory stimuli resulted in greater physiological and psychological restorations, and positive and negative interactive effects on human well-being, providing insights to further study examining the interaction of different sensory experiences in urban parks.

人们从自然环境中的多感官体验中获得了许多好处并增加了幸福感。为了检验多感官组合的效果，本研究因此测量了生理（ST、SCL、α-EEG、β-EEG）和心理（STAI-S）恢复以及四个独立植物景观的整体感知质量评估（草坪、玫瑰园、桂花园和松林）。参与者 (308) 被招募并随机分配到 14 个独立组中，以体验以下刺激之一：（1）只有鸟鸣；（2）鸟鸣+照片（4种）；（3）鸟鸣+气味（4种）；(4) 鸟鸣+照片+异味(4种)。请注意，一组作为对照组。主要研究结果表明： 1. 结合鸟鸣视觉刺激改善生理恢复，和整体感知质量评价，但没有心理影响。2.引入鸟鸣嗅觉刺激对生理恢复有不良影响，对心理恢复和整体偏好没有显着影响，但增强了感知到的对景观的整体吸引力和整体和谐感。3. 引入视觉-嗅觉刺激的组合导致生理恢复（仅适用于β-EEG）和整体感知质量评估增加，但在心理上也没有显着影响。这些发现表明，多感官刺激导致更大的生理和心理恢复，并对人类福祉产生积极和消极的互动影响，