Interfacing electrons and light enables ultrafast electron microscopy and quantum control of electrons, as well as new optical elements for high-sensitivity imaging. Here, we demonstrate for the first time programmable transverse electron-beam shaping in free space based on ponderomotive potentials from short intense laser pulses. We can realize both convex and concave electron lenses with a focal length of a few millimeters, comparable to those in state-of-the-art electron microscopes. We further show that we can realize almost arbitrary deflection patterns by shaping the ponderomotive potentials using a spatial light modulator. Our modulator is lossless and programmable, has unity fill factor, and could pave the way to electron wave-front shaping with hundreds of individually addressable pixels.

中文翻译：

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横向电子束光整形

电子和光的接口可以实现超快电子显微镜和电子的量子控制，以及用于高灵敏度成像的新光学元件。在这里，我们首次展示了基于来自短强激光脉冲的质动势在自由空间中的可编程横向电子束整形。我们可以实现焦距为几毫米的凸面和凹面电子透镜，与最先进的电子显微镜相当。我们进一步表明，我们可以通过使用空间光调制器塑造有质动势来实现几乎任意的偏转模式。我们的调制器是无损和可编程的，具有统一的填充因子，并且可以为具有数百个可单独寻址的像素的电子波前整形铺平道路。