The added value of high-resolution EURO-CORDEX simulations to describe daily wind speed over Europe,International Journal of Climatology

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The added value of high-resolution EURO-CORDEX simulations to describe daily wind speed over Europe
International Journal of Climatology ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2022-09-24 , DOI: 10.1002/joc.7877
M.O. Molina ₁ , JAM. Careto ₂ , C. Gutiérrez ₃ , E. Sánchez ₄ , PMM. Soares ₂

Affiliation

In the context of the CORDEX project, an ensemble of regional climate simulations (RCMs) of high resolution on a 0.11° grid has been generated for Europe with the objective of improving the representation of regional to local-scale atmospheric phenomena. However, such simulations are computationally expensive and do not always reveal added value. Here, a recently proposed metric (the distribution added value [DAV]) is used to determine the added value of all available EURO-CORDEX high-resolution simulations at 0.11° for daily mean wind speed compared to their respective coarser-gridded 0.44° counterparts and their driving fields, hindcast and historical experiments. The analysis consists in comparing the degree of similarity between normalized wind probability density function (PDF) of simulations and observations. In addition, the use of a normalized PDF allows for a direct spatial comparison among the different regions and time periods. Results show that RCMs add value to their reanalysis or forcing global model, but the nature and magnitude of the improvement on the representation of wind speed may vary depending on the model, region and season. We found most RCMS at 0.11° to outperform models at the 0.44° resolution in terms of their quality in capturing the measured wind speed PDF. When looking at the upper tail of the wind speed PDF, the benefits of downscaling are generally larger. At the regional scale, added value is obtained for 0.11° with respect to 0.44° resolution for all subdomains studied, particularly over the Mediterranean, the Iberian Peninsula and the Alps. When analysing the added value dependence on altitude, runs at 0.11° models represent better the locations below 50 m and above 350 m of altitude, and the 0.44° increasingly under-perform for higher altitudes. Overall, DAV are larger at 0.11° than at 0.44° resolution, due to a better performance of local-scale feedbacks at high resolution.

中文翻译：

高分辨率 EURO-CORDEX 模拟描述欧洲每日风速的附加值

在 CORDEX 项目的背景下，已经为欧洲生成了 0.11° 网格上的高分辨率区域气候模拟 (RCM) 集合，目的是改进区域到局部尺度大气现象的代表性。然而，这样的模拟在计算上是昂贵的并且并不总能揭示附加值。在这里，最近提出的指标（分布附加值 [DAV]）用于确定所有可用的 EURO-CORDEX 高分辨率模拟在 0.11° 的每日平均风速与其各自的粗网格 0.44° 对应物相比的附加值以及他们的驱动领域、后报和历史实验。分析包括比较模拟和观测的归一化风概率密度函数 (PDF) 之间的相似度。此外，使用标准化 PDF 可以在不同地区和时间段之间进行直接空间比较。结果表明，RCM 为其再分析或强制全球模型增加了价值，但风速表示的改进性质和幅度可能因模型、地区和季节而异。我们发现大多数 RCMS 在 0.11° 时在捕获测量的风速 PDF 方面的质量优于 0.44° 分辨率的模型。查看风速 PDF 的上尾时，降尺度的好处通常更大。在区域尺度上，对于所有研究的子域，特别是在地中海、伊比利亚半岛和阿尔卑斯山，相对于 0.44° 分辨率，获得了 0.11° 的附加值。在分析附加值对高度的依赖性时，以 0 运行。11° 模型更好地代表海拔 50 m 以下和 350 m 以上的位置，而 0.44° 模型在更高海拔处的表现越来越差。总体而言，DAV 在 0.11° 时比在 0.44° 分辨率时大，这是由于在高分辨率下局部尺度反馈的性能更好。

更新日期：2022-09-24

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