The effect of loading rate of force in repetitive high stress loading/unloading (RHSL) treatment on the formation of deformation twins in a martensite stainless steel was studied by SEM-EBSD and TEM. It is found that RHSL successfully generates a large number of twins at room temperature with low strain rate and small plastic deformation. The number fraction and area fraction of twin grains are monotonously increased with the loading rate. RHSL provide a continuously driving force that promotes the abundant generation of twins. Higher loading rate favors the more nucleation of stacking faults and twins and their intersections of multi-orientation.

中文翻译：

---

重复加载-卸载过程下力加载速率对马氏体不锈钢变形孪晶形成的影响

采用SEM-EBSD和TEM研究了重复高应力加载/卸载（RHSL）处理中力加载速率对马氏体不锈钢变形孪晶形成的影响。研究发现，RHSL在室温下成功生成大量孪晶，应变率低，塑性变形小。孪晶的数量分数和面积分数随着加载速率的增加而单调增加。RHSL 提供了促进双胞胎大量生成的持续驱动力。较高的加载率有利于堆垛层错和孪晶的成核以及它们的多方向交叉。