Botrytis cinerea is responsible for the gray mold disease, severely affecting Vitis vinifera grapevine and hundreds of other economically important crops. However, many mechanisms of this fruit-pathogen interaction remain unknown. The combined analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome of green fruits infected with B. cinerea from susceptible and tolerant genotypes was never performed in any fleshy fruit, mostly because green fruits are widely accepted to be resistant to this fungus. In this work, peppercorn-sized fruits were infected in the field or mock-treated, and infected berries were collected at green (EL32) stage from a susceptible (Trincadeira) and a tolerant (Syrah) variety. RNAseq and GC-MS data suggested that Syrah exhibited a pre-activated/basal defense relying on specific signaling pathways, hormonal regulation, namely jasmonate and ethylene metabolisms, and linked to phenylpropanoid metabolism. In addition, putative defensive metabolites such as shikimic, ursolic/ oleanolic, and trans-4-hydroxy cinnamic acids, and epigallocatechin were more abundant in Syrah than Trincadeira before infection. On the other hand, Trincadeira underwent relevant metabolic reprogramming upon infection but was unable to contain disease progression. RNA-seq analysis of the fungus in planta revealed an opposite scenario with higher gene expression activity within B. cinerea during infection of the tolerant cultivar and less activity in infected Trincadeira berries. The results suggested an activated virulence state during interaction with the tolerant cultivar without visible disease symptoms. Together, this study brings novel insights related to early infection strategies of B. cinerea and the green berry defense against necrotrophic fungi.

中文翻译：

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毒力相关的代谢在灰葡萄孢中被激活，主要是在与耐受的绿葡萄相互作用时，与易感的绿葡萄相比，这些绿葡萄基本上不受影响

Botrytis cinerea 是造成灰霉病的罪魁祸首，严重影响了 Vitis vinifera 葡萄和其他数百种具有重要经济意义的作物。然而，这种水果与病原体相互作用的许多机制仍然未知。从未在任何肉质水果中对感染 B. cinerea 的易感和耐受基因型的绿色水果的转录组和代谢组进行联合分析，这主要是因为绿色水果被广泛认为对这种真菌具有抗性。在这项工作中，胡椒大小的果实在田间被感染或模拟处理，并在绿色 (EL32) 阶段从易感 (Trincadeira) 和耐受 (Syrah) 品种收集受感染的浆果。RNAseq 和 GC-MS 数据表明，西拉表现出依赖于特定信号通路、激素调节、即茉莉酸和乙烯代谢，并与苯丙素代谢有关。此外，假定的防御性代谢物如莽草酸、熊果酸/齐墩果酸和反式 4-羟基肉桂酸以及表没食子儿茶素在感染前在西拉中比在特林卡德拉中更丰富。另一方面，Trincadeira 在感染后经历了相关的代谢重编程，但无法控制疾病进展。植物中真菌的 RNA-seq 分析揭示了一种相反的情况，即在感染耐受性品种期间，B. cinerea 内的基因表达活性较高，而在受感染的 Trincadeira 浆果中的活性较低。结果表明，在与耐受性品种相互作用期间，毒力处于激活状态，没有明显的疾病症状。总之，这项研究带来了与 B.