Purpose: To summarize the evidence on associations of adiposity and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) with arterial structure and function in nonclinical children and adolescents. Methods: Two researchers conducted a search in 5 electronic databases in April 2022 to find studies in nonclinical youth (age 5–17.9 y) reporting multivariable associations. Studies were eligible if adiposity and/or CRF were used as the predictor and arterial structure and/or function was the outcome. The Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies was used to assess methodological quality for experimental studies, and a modified version was used for observational studies. Results: Ninety-nine studies (72.7% cross-sectional) were included. Ninety-four assessed associations between adiposity and arterial outcomes, most using overall body proportion (n = 71), abdominal (n = 52), or whole-body adiposity (n = 40). Most evidence was inconsistent or nonsignificant, but 59 studies suggested higher abdominal adiposity and worse body proportion were associated with adverse arterial outcomes. Twenty-one assessed associations between CRF and arterial outcomes, with findings inconsistent. Most evidence was rated weak in quality. Conclusion: While high adiposity may contribute to poor arterial outcomes, evidence is limited regarding CRF. Future studies should disentangle these associations by studying youth with healthy adiposity but poor CRF, or vice versa, using longitudinal or experimental study designs.

目的：总结非临床儿童和青少年肥胖和心肺健康 (CRF) 与动脉结构和功能之间关系的证据。方法：两名研究人员于 2022 年 4 月在 5 个电子数据库中进行了检索，以查找报告多变量关联的非临床青少年（5-17.9 岁）的研究。如果肥胖和/或 CRF 被用作预测因子并且动脉结构和/或功能是结果，则研究是合格的。定量研究质量评估工具用于评估实验研究的方法学质量，修改后的版本用于观察研究。结果：纳入了 99 项研究（72.7% 横断面研究）。94 项评估了肥胖与动脉结果之间的关联，大多数使用整体身体比例 (n = 71)、腹部 (n = 52) 或全身肥胖 (n = 40)。大多数证据不一致或不显着，但 59 项研究表明，腹部肥胖程度较高和身体比例较差与不良动脉结局相关。21 项评估了 CRF 与动脉结局之间的关联，但结果不一致。大多数证据的质量被评为弱。结论：虽然高肥胖可能导致动脉结局不佳，但有关 CRF 的证据有限。未来的研究应该通过纵向或实验研究设计，研究肥胖健康但 CRF 较差的青少年，反之亦然，从而理清这些关联。