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Transit Access to Subsidized Food Stores in the U.S. Midwest
The Professional Geographer ( IF 1.5 ) Pub Date : 2022-09-23 , DOI: 10.1080/00330124.2022.2103720
Amber D. DeJohn 1 , Michael J. Widener 1 , Jerry Shannon 2
Affiliation  

In the United States, low-income individuals and some racial and ethnic minorities have higher rates of transit use and food insecurity. The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), which provides low-income households with money for groceries at authorized retailers, creates a unique food procurement environment for participants. In this article, transit networks’ effect on access to SNAP retailers is assessed by calculating transit travel times to all transitable SNAP stores of census block groups (CBGs) in thirty-three metropolitan areas in the U.S. Midwest. Low transit access CBGs are identified and compared to U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) low-income, low-access (LILA) census tracts. Store type transit access ratios are analyzed to further specify disproportionate access to healthy food retailers. Findings indicate low transit access is experienced in fringe-urban, majority white, car-dependent CBGs. Approximately 24,380 people receiving public assistance, 145,636 Black people, 135,731 non-Black Hispanic people, and 108,325 low-income people live within these CBGs, however. The USDA’s LILA census tracts are more expansive than this study’s low-income, low-transit-access (LILTA) tracts. Despite being classified as rural, LILTA-only tracts had sixty-eight households without a vehicle, on average. Future research and policy should engage populations in suburban and exurban regions to accommodate transportation needs of a nonnegligible portion of potentially food-insecure households.



中文翻译:

美国中西部补贴食品店的过境通道

在美国,低收入个人和一些少数种族和族裔的过境使用率和粮食不安全率较高。补充营养援助计划 (SNAP) 为低收入家庭提供在授权零售商处购买杂货的资金,为参与者创造了独特的食品采购环境。在本文中,通过计算美国中西部 33 个大都市区的人口普查街区组 (CBG) 的所有可运输 SNAP 商店的运输时间,评估了运输网络对进入 SNAP 零售商的影​​响。确定了低交通访问 CBG,并将其与美国农业部 (USDA) 的低收入、低访问 (LILA) 人口普查区域进行了比较。分析商店类型的交通访问比率,以进一步指定对健康食品零售商的不成比例的访问。调查结果表明,在城市边缘、白人占多数、依赖汽车的 CBG 中,公交访问率较低。然而,大约有 24,380 名接受公共援助的人、145,636 名黑人、135,731 名非黑人西班牙裔人和 108,325 名低收入者生活在这些 CBG 中。美国农业部的 LILA 人口普查区域比本研究的低收入、低交通便利 (LILTA) 区域更广阔。尽管被归类为农村地区,但只有 LILTA 的地区平均有 68 户没有汽车。未来的研究和政策应该让郊区和远郊地区的人口参与进来,以满足不可忽视的潜在粮食不安全家庭的交通需求。然而,731 名非西班牙裔黑人和 108,325 名低收入人士生活在这些 CBG 中。美国农业部的 LILA 人口普查区域比本研究的低收入、低交通便利 (LILTA) 区域更广阔。尽管被归类为农村地区,但只有 LILTA 的地区平均有 68 户没有汽车。未来的研究和政策应该让郊区和远郊地区的人口参与进来,以满足不可忽视的潜在粮食不安全家庭的交通需求。然而,731 名非西班牙裔黑人和 108,325 名低收入人士生活在这些 CBG 中。美国农业部的 LILA 人口普查区域比本研究的低收入、低交通便利 (LILTA) 区域更广阔。尽管被归类为农村地区,但只有 LILTA 的地区平均有 68 户没有汽车。未来的研究和政策应该让郊区和远郊地区的人口参与进来,以满足不可忽视的潜在粮食不安全家庭的交通需求。

更新日期:2022-09-23
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