The last decade has seen an unprecedented pace of change, particularly of clinical research in atopic dermatitis (AD). This review summarizes some key discoveries. Over the last 10 years, nearly half of all studies investigated the efficacy and safety of novel therapeutic agents, particularly biologics and small molecules. Clear demonstration of benefit in clinical trials with no significant safety concerns provided strong evidence leading to subsequent Food and Drug Administration approval and routine use of the anti–IL-4 receptor alpha antagonist dupilumab in patients 6 months and older, the selective Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) inhibitors upadacitinib for patients 12 years and older and abrocitinib, the IL-13 antagonist tralokinumab, and the JAK1/2 inhibitor baricitinib for adults 18 years and older. Several other drugs are in the pipeline. Other areas under the spotlight have been trials of skin moisturizers and probiotics in the prevention of AD, investigating the role of filaggrin and skin barrier function and the role of skin and gut microbiome, with Staphylococcus aureus second immunoglobulin-binding protein having been found to uniquely trigger allergic skin responses in AD. Skin microbiome, epidermal metabolites/structural components, and local inflammatory biomarkers are now commonly assessed using genomic and proteomic analysis of tape strips rather than more invasive biopsy to identify factors such as C-C motif chemokine ligand-17 that correlate with disease severity and response to therapy. Overall, the last decade has ushered in a new and exciting era in our understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of this common allergic skin disease.

过去十年发生了前所未有的变化，尤其是特应性皮炎 (AD) 的临床研究。这篇综述总结了一些关键发现。在过去 10 年中，近一半的研究调查了新型治疗药物的疗效和安全性，尤其是生物制剂和小分子药物。在没有重大安全问题的情况下，在临床试验中明确证明的益处提供了强有力的证据，导致随后食品和药物管理局批准并在 6 个月及以上的患者中常规使用抗 IL-4 受体α拮抗剂 dupilumab，选择性 Janus 激酶 1（ JAK1) 抑制剂 upadacitinib 用于 12 岁及以上的患者，abrocitinib、IL-13 拮抗剂 tralokinumab 和 JAK1/2 抑制剂 baricitinib 用于 18 岁及以上的成人。其他几种药物正在研发中。已发现金黄色葡萄球菌第二种免疫球蛋白结合蛋白可独特地引发 AD 中的过敏性皮肤反应。皮肤微生物组、表皮代谢物/结构成分和局部炎症生物标志物现在通常使用胶带条的基因组和蛋白质组学分析而不是更具侵入性的活检来评估，以确定与疾病严重程度和治疗反应相关的因素，例如 CC 基序趋化因子配体 17 . 总的来说，过去十年在我们对这种常见过敏性皮肤病的理解、诊断和治疗方面迎来了一个激动人心的新纪元。