Biodegradable plastics (BDP) are increasingly applied; however, there has been of concerns about their environmental safety, especially from nondegradable additive compositions. Until now, data of ecotoxicity of BDP additives is scarce. Here, nematode C. elegans was used to comparatively evaluate toxicity of an isocyanate additive, i.e., Hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), a maleic anhydride, i.e., Diallyl maleate (DIM), and other four BDP organic additives. These additives caused lethality of nematodes at µg L^-1 level, of lowest LC₅₀ value of HDI/DIM. Uniform exposure to these additives resulted in various degrees of inhibitions in body volumes and longevity, indicating developmental toxicity. Moreover, BDP additives induced significant elevations of gst-4 expression, especially mean 123.54 %/234.29 % increase in HDI/DIM group, but reduced ges-1 expression, which indicates oxidative damages and mitochondrial dysfunction. BDP additives further caused inhibition in locomotor and food intake/excretion behavior, and related damages of glutamatergic neurons and GABAergic neurons, indicating their neurotoxicity. We found HDI and DIM presented relatively strong effects on susceptible endpoints including lethality, gst-4, mean lifespan, food intake and excretion behavior. Overall, this study suggests prominent ecotoxic risk of isocyanates and maleic anhydrides as BDP additives, which is significant for the selection of environmentally friendly BDP additives.

可生物降解塑料（BDP）的应用越来越多；然而，人们一直担心它们的环境安全性，尤其是不可降解的添加剂组合物。到目前为止，BDP 添加剂的生态毒性数据很少。这里，线虫线虫用于比较评价异氰酸酯添加剂即六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)、马来酸酐即马来酸二烯丙酯(DIM)和其他四种BDP有机添加剂的毒性。^{这些添加剂在 µg L -1}水平引起线虫的致死率，最低 LC ₅₀HDI/DIM 的值。均匀暴露于这些添加剂会导致身体体积和寿命受到不同程度的抑制，表明存在发育毒性。此外，BDP 添加剂诱导gst-4表达显着升高，尤其是 HDI/DIM 组平均增加 123.54 %/234.29 %，但降低了ges-1表达，这表明氧化损伤和线粒体功能障碍。BDP添加剂进一步抑制了运动和食物摄入/排泄行为，并导致谷氨酸能神经元和GABA能神经元的相关损伤，表明它们具有神经毒性。我们发现 HDI 和 DIM 对包括致死率、 gst-4在内的易感终点表现出相对较强的影响，平均寿命，食物摄入和排泄行为。总体而言，本研究表明异氰酸酯和马来酸酐作为 BDP 添加剂存在显着的生态毒性风险，这对于选择环保型 BDP 添加剂具有重要意义。