Objective The purpose of this study was to identify patterns of clustering of the 10 health consequences identified in the Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) framework among collegiate female Cross-Country runners. We also assessed risk characteristics associated with each cluster. Methods This randomly sampled population included 211 current National Collegiate Athletics Association (NCAA) Division I (DI) female cross country runners who completed a quantitative survey. We used latent class analysis (LCA) to group athletes into mutually exclusive classes based on shared response patterns of RED-S consequences. We computed descriptive statistics to identify demographics, personal characteristics, disordered eating and emotional health characteristics associated with each class. Results The average age of the sample was 21 years with mean body mass index 20.4 kg/m2. The LCA identified three unique classes of potential RED-S presentations: (1) low probability of RED-S consequences; (2) complex physical and psychological concerns with a higher burden of cardiovascular concern and (3) very high probability of anxiety with high burden of menstrual disturbance, bone injury and gastrointestinal concern. All classes were characterised by high levels of menstrual disturbance and distinguished by the number and burden of other potential RED-S consequences and in reported abuse history, emotional regulation and perfectionism. Conclusion This study identified a high burden of menstrual disturbance in NCAA D1 cross country runners, and three unique presentations of RED-S consequences. Future research is warranted to better understand how early prevention and intervention strategies may mitigate RED-S consequences in distance runners. Data are available upon reasonable request. Data are available upon reasonable request to the first author (tlcars@umich.edu).

中文翻译：

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在大学女性越野跑者样本中识别运动中相对能量缺乏 (RED-S) 后果的潜在类别

目的 本研究的目的是确定大学生女性越野跑运动员运动中相对能量不足 (RED-S) 框架中确定的 10 种健康后果的聚类模式。我们还评估了与每个集群相关的风险特征。方法 这个随机抽样的人群包括 211 名目前完成定量调查的美国大学体育协会 (NCAA) 一级 (DI) 女子越野跑运动员。我们使用潜在类别分析 (LCA) 根据 RED-S 后果的共同反应模式将运动员分组到相互排斥的类别中。我们计算了描述性统计数据，以确定与每个班级相关的人口统计数据、个人特征、饮食失调和情绪健康特征。结果 样本的平均年龄为 21 岁，平均体重指数为 20.4 kg/m2。LCA 确定了三个独特的潜在 RED-S 演示类别：(1) RED-S 后果的可能性低；(2) 复杂的身体和心理问题，心血管问题的负担更高； (3) 焦虑的可能性非常高，月经紊乱、骨损伤和胃肠道问题的负担很高。所有班级的特点是月经紊乱程度高，并根据其他潜在 RED-S 后果的数量和负担以及报告的虐待历史、情绪调节和完美主义来区分。结论 本研究确定了 NCAA D1 越野赛跑者的高月经障碍负担，以及三种独特的 RED-S 后果表现。未来的研究有必要更好地了解早期预防和干预策略如何减轻长跑运动员的 RED-S 后果。可根据合理要求提供数据。数据可应第一作者 (tlcars@umich.edu) 的合理要求提供。