Abstract

Multifaceted utility of nanomaterials is indispensable to meet the environmental challenges across the globe. Nanomaterials substantially contribute in delineating the rapidly advancing field of nanotechnology. Recently, primary emphasis has been laid down on augmenting the biological methodologies for the synthesis of nanomaterials. In this aspect, green nanotechnology has revolutionized the entire process of nanosynthesis. Essentially biofabrication of nanoparticles have long-range applications, primarily in the field of medical applications such as drug delivery, cancer diagnostics and genetic engineering processes. Biocompatible and stable nanoparticles synthesized from biological source can be an effective approach against the chemically synthesized owing to their non-expensive and eco-friendly attributes. Biological systems including bacteria, yeasts, fungi and plants have already been exploited in the field of nanotechnology. Use of fungi seems to be a very effective and economical approach for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles. Gold nanoparticles possess anti-oxidation activity, are highly stable and biocompatible in nature. Fungi-mediated nanoparticle biosynthesis is more advantageous as compared to bacterial synthesis. Fungi secrete large amounts of enzymes, whereas the enzyme secretion of yeasts is weak. Here, we have reported the recent advancements and future implications in the field of gold nanoparticle production and applications.

摘要

纳米材料的多方面用途对于应对全球环境挑战不可或缺。纳米材料对快速发展的纳米技术领域做出了巨大贡献。最近，主要重点放在增强纳米材料合成的生物方法上。在这方面，绿色纳米技术彻底改变了纳米合成的整个过程。从本质上讲，纳米颗粒的生物制造具有长期的应用，主要是在药物输送、癌症诊断和基因工程过程等医疗应用领域。由生物来源合成的生物相容且稳定的纳米颗粒由于其廉价且环保的特性，可以成为对抗化学合成纳米颗粒的有效方法。包括细菌、酵母、真菌和植物在内的生物系统已经在纳米技术领域得到了开发。使用真菌似乎是合成金纳米颗粒的一种非常有效且经济的方法。金纳米粒子具有抗氧化活性，性质高度稳定和生物相容性。与细菌合成相比，真菌介导的纳米颗粒生物合成更具优势。真菌分泌大量的酶，而酵母的酶分泌较弱。在这里，我们报道了金纳米颗粒生产和应用领域的最新进展和未来影响。金纳米粒子具有抗氧化活性，性质高度稳定和生物相容性。与细菌合成相比，真菌介导的纳米颗粒生物合成更具优势。真菌分泌大量的酶，而酵母的酶分泌较弱。在这里，我们报道了金纳米颗粒生产和应用领域的最新进展和未来影响。金纳米粒子具有抗氧化活性，性质高度稳定和生物相容性。与细菌合成相比，真菌介导的纳米颗粒生物合成更具优势。真菌分泌大量的酶，而酵母的酶分泌较弱。在这里，我们报道了金纳米颗粒生产和应用领域的最新进展和未来影响。