Large volcanic eruptions, although rare events, can influence the chemistry and the dynamics of the stratosphere for several years after the eruption. Here we show that the eruption of the submarine volcano Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai on 15 January 2022 injected at least 50 teragrams of water vapor directly into the stratosphere. This event raised the amount of water vapor in the developing stratospheric plume by several orders of magnitude and possibly increased the amount of global stratospheric water vapor by more than 5%. This extraordinary eruption may have initiated an atmospheric response different from that of previous well-studied large volcanic eruptions.

中文翻译：

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Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai 向平流层注入水蒸气

大型火山喷发虽然罕见，但会在喷发后的几年内影响平流层的化学和动力学。在这里，我们展示了 2022 年 1 月 15 日海底火山 Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai 的喷发将至少 50 太克的水蒸气直接注入了平流层。这一事件使发展中的平流层羽流中的水汽量增加了几个数量级，并可能使全球平流层水汽量增加了 5% 以上。这种非同寻常的喷发可能引发了与以前经过充分研究的大型火山喷发不同的大气响应。