Formation and evolution of carbonaceous asteroid Ryugu: Direct evidence from returned samples,Science

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Formation and evolution of carbonaceous asteroid Ryugu: Direct evidence from returned samples
Science ( IF 56.9 ) Pub Date : 2022-09-22 , DOI: 10.1126/science.abn8671
T Nakamura ₁ , M Matsumoto ₁ , K Amano ₁ , Y Enokido ₁ , M E Zolensky ₂ , T Mikouchi ₃ , H Genda ₄ , S Tanaka _{5,

6} , M Y Zolotov ₇ , K Kurosawa ₈ , S Wakita ₉ , R Hyodo ₅ , H Nagano ₁₀ , D Nakashima ₁ , Y Takahashi _{11,

12} , Y Fujioka ₁ , M Kikuiri ₁ , E Kagawa ₁ , M Matsuoka _{13,

14} , A J Brearley ₁₅ , A Tsuchiyama _{16,

17,

18} , M Uesugi ₁₉ , J Matsuno ₁₆ , Y Kimura ₂₀ , M Sato ₁₁ , R E Milliken ₂₁ , E Tatsumi _{11,

22} , S Sugita _{8,

11} , T Hiroi ₂₁ , K Kitazato ₂₃ , D Brownlee ₂₄ , D J Joswiak ₂₄ , M Takahashi ₁ , K Ninomiya ₂₅ , T Takahashi _{26,

27} , T Osawa ₂₈ , K Terada ₂₉ , F E Brenker ₃₀ , B J Tkalcec ₃₀ , L Vincze ₃₁ , R Brunetto ₃₂ , A Aléon-Toppani ₃₂ , Q H S Chan ₃₃ , M Roskosz ₃₄ , J-C Viennet ₃₄ , P Beck ₃₅ , E E Alp ₃₆ , T Michikami ₃₇ , Y Nagaashi _{1,

38} , T Tsuji _{39,

40} , Y Ino _{5,

41} , J Martinez ₂ , J Han ₄₂ , A Dolocan ₄₃ , R J Bodnar ₄₄ , M Tanaka ₄₅ , H Yoshida ₁₁ , K Sugiyama ₄₆ , A J King ₄₇ , K Fukushi ₄₈ , H Suga ₄₉ , S Yamashita _{50,

51} , T Kawai ₁₁ , K Inoue ₄₈ , A Nakato ₅ , T Noguchi _{52,

53} , F Vilas ₅₄ , A R Hendrix ₅₄ , C Jaramillo-Correa ₅₅ , D L Domingue ₅₄ , G Dominguez ₅₆ , Z Gainsforth ₅₇ , C Engrand ₅₈ , J Duprat ₃₄ , S S Russell ₄₇ , E Bonato ₅₉ , C Ma ₆₀ , T Kawamoto ₆₁ , T Wada ₁ , S Watanabe _{5,

26} , R Endo ₆₂ , S Enju ₆₃ , L Riu ₆₄ , S Rubino ₃₂ , P Tack ₃₁ , S Takeshita ₆₅ , Y Takeichi _{50,

51,

66} , A Takeuchi ₁₉ , A Takigawa ₁₁ , D Takir ₂ , T Tanigaki ₆₇ , A Taniguchi ₆₈ , K Tsukamoto ₁ , T Yagi ₆₉ , S Yamada ₇₀ , K Yamamoto ₇₁ , Y Yamashita ₆₉ , M Yasutake ₁₉ , K Uesugi ₁₉ , I Umegaki _{65,

72} , I Chiu ₂₅ , T Ishizaki ₅ , S Okumura ₅₂ , E Palomba ₇₃ , C Pilorget _{32,

74} , S M Potin _{13,

75} , A Alasli ₁₀ , S Anada ₇₁ , Y Araki ₇₆ , N Sakatani _{5,

70} , C Schultz ₂₁ , O Sekizawa ₄₉ , S D Sitzman ₇₇ , K Sugiura ₄ , M Sun _{17,

18,

78} , E Dartois ₇₉ , E De Pauw ₃₁ , Z Dionnet ₃₂ , Z Djouadi ₃₂ , G Falkenberg ₈₀ , R Fujita ₁₀ , T Fukuma ₈₁ , I R Gearba ₄₃ , K Hagiya ₈₂ , M Y Hu ₃₆ , T Kato ₇₁ , T Kawamura ₈₃ , M Kimura _{50,

51} , M K Kubo ₈₄ , F Langenhorst ₈₅ , C Lantz ₃₂ , B Lavina ₈₆ , M Lindner ₃₀ , J Zhao ₃₆ , B Vekemans ₃₁ , D Baklouti ₃₂ , B Bazi ₃₁ , F Borondics ₈₇ , S Nagasawa _{26,

27} , G Nishiyama ₁₁ , K Nitta ₄₉ , J Mathurin ₈₈ , T Matsumoto ₅₂ , I Mitsukawa ₅₂ , H Miura ₈₉ , A Miyake ₅₂ , Y Miyake ₆₅ , H Yurimoto ₉₀ , R Okazaki ₉₁ , H Yabuta ₉₂ , H Naraoka ₉₁ , K Sakamoto ₅ , S Tachibana _{5,

11} , H C Connolly ₉₃ , D S Lauretta ₉₄ , M Yoshitake ₅ , M Yoshikawa _{5,

6} , K Yoshikawa ₉₅ , K Yoshihara ₅ , Y Yokota ₅ , K Yogata ₅ , H Yano _{5,

6} , Y Yamamoto _{5,

6} , D Yamamoto ₅ , M Yamada ₈ , T Yamada ₅ , T Yada ₅ , K Wada ₈ , T Usui _{5,

11} , R Tsukizaki ₅ , F Terui ₉₆ , H Takeuchi _{5,

6} , Y Takei ₅ , A Iwamae ₉₇ , H Soejima _{5,

97} , K Shirai ₅ , Y Shimaki ₅ , H Senshu ₈ , H Sawada ₅ , T Saiki ₅ , M Ozaki _{5,

6} , G Ono ₉₅ , T Okada _{5,

98} , N Ogawa ₅ , K Ogawa ₅ , R Noguchi ₉₉ , H Noda ₁₀₀ , M Nishimura ₅ , N Namiki _{6,

100} , S Nakazawa ₅ , T Morota ₁₁ , A Miyazaki ₅ , A Miura ₅ , Y Mimasu ₅ , K Matsumoto _{6,

100} , K Kumagai _{5,

97} , T Kouyama ₁₀₁ , S Kikuchi _{8,

100} , K Kawahara ₅ , S Kameda _{5,

70} , T Iwata _{5,

6} , Y Ishihara ₁₀₂ , M Ishiguro ₁₀₃ , H Ikeda ₉₅ , S Hosoda ₅ , R Honda _{104,

105} , C Honda ₂₃ , Y Hitomi _{5,

97} , N Hirata ₃₈ , N Hirata ₂₃ , T Hayashi ₅ , M Hayakawa ₅ , K Hatakeda _{5,

97} , S Furuya ₁₁ , R Fukai ₅ , A Fujii ₅ , Y Cho ₁₁ , M Arakawa ₃₈ , M Abe _{5,

6} , S Watanabe ₁₀₆ , Y Tsuda ₅

Affiliation

Department of Earth Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
NASA Johnson Space Center; Houston, TX 77058, USA.
The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan.
Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.
Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama 240-0193, Japan.
School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan.
Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.
Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan.
Laboratoire d'Etudes Spatiales et d'Instrumentation en Astrophysique (LESIA), Observatoire de Paris, Meudon 92195 France.
Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305-8567, Japan.
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan.
Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510640, China.
Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, CAS, Guangzhou 510640, China.
Scattering and Imaging Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo 679-5198, Japan.
Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan.
Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, University of La Laguna, Tenerife 38205, Spain.
Aizu Research Center for Space Informatics, The University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu 965-8580, Japan.
Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan.
Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8583, Japan.
Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
Materials Sciences Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai 319-1195, Japan.
Department of Earth and Space Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan.
Institute of Geoscience, Goethe University, Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S12, Ghent, Belgium.
Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay 91405, France.
Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK.
Institut de Minéralogie, Physique des Matériaux et Cosmochimie, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble, CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France.
Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA.
Faculty of Engineering, Kindai University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-2116, Japan.
Department of Planetology, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
Department of Earth Resources Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
Department of Physics, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda 669-1330, Japan.
Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
Department of Geoscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
Materials Analysis Station, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan.
Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.
Department of Earth Science, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK.
Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
Spectroscopy Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo 679-5198, Japan.
Department of Materials Structure Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan.
Institute of Materials Structure Science, High-Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan.
Division of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA.
The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
Department of Physics, California State University, San Marcos, CA 92096, USA.
Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France.
Institute for Planetary Research, Deutsches Zentrum für Luftund Raumfahrt, Rutherfordstraße 2 12489 Berlin, Germany.
Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena CA 91125, USA.
Department of Geosciences, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan.
Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan.
European Space Astronomy Centre, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Spain.
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tokai 319-1106, Japan.
Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan.
Hitachi, Hatoyama 350-0395, Japan.
Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Kumatori 590-0494, Japan.
National Metrology Institute of Japan, AIST, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan.
Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan.
Japan Fine Ceramics Center, Nagoya 456-8587, Japan.
Toyota Central Research and Development Laboratories, Nagakute 480-1192, Japan.
Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Rome 00133, Italy.
Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands.
Department of Physical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-0058, Japan.
Physical Sciences Laboratory, The Aerospace Corporation, CA 90245, USA.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France.
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron Photon Science, 22603 Hamburg, Germany.
Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan.
Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Université de Paris, Paris 75205, France.
Division of Natural Sciences, International Christian University, Mitaka 181-8585, Japan.
Institute of Geosciences, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 07745 Jena, Germany.
Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
Optimized Light Source of Intermediate Energy to LURE (SOLEIL) L'Orme des Merisiers, Gif sur Yvette F-91192, France.
Institut Chimie Physique, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France.
Graduate School of Science, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8501, Japan.
Department of Natural History Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
Department of Geology, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
Research and Development Directorate, JAXA, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, Atsugi 243-0292, Japan.
Marine Works Japan, Yokosuka 237-0063, Japan.
Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan.
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka 181-8588, Japan.
Digital Architecture Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan.
JAXA Space Exploration Center, JAXA, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
Department of Information Science, Kochi University, Kochi 780-8520, Japan.
Center for Data Science, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan.
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.

Samples of the carbonaceous asteroid Ryugu were brought to Earth by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft. We analyzed seventeen Ryugu samples measuring 1-8 mm. CO 2 -bearing water inclusions are present within a pyrrhotite crystal, indicating that Ryugu’s parent asteroid formed in the outer Solar System. The samples contain low abundances of materials that formed at high temperatures, such as chondrules and Ca, Al-rich inclusions. The samples are rich in phyllosilicates and carbonates, which formed by aqueous alteration reactions at low temperature, high pH, and water/rock ratios < 1 (by mass). Less altered fragments contain olivine, pyroxene, amorphous silicates, calcite, and phosphide. Numerical simulations, based on the mineralogical and physical properties of the samples, indicate Ryugu’s parent body formed ~ 2 million years after the beginning of Solar System formation.

中文翻译：

碳质小行星 Ryugu 的形成和演化：来自返回样本的直接证据

隼鸟 2 号宇宙飞船将碳质小行星 Ryugu 的样本带到了地球。我们分析了 17 个尺寸为 1-8 毫米的 Ryugu 样品。一氧化碳2个含水包裹体存在于磁黄铁矿晶体内，表明龙宫的母体小行星形成于外太阳系。这些样品含有在高温下形成的低丰度材料，例如陨石球粒和富含钙、铝的包裹体。样品富含页硅酸盐和碳酸盐，它们是在低温、高 pH 值和水/岩石比 < 1（按质量计）下通过水蚀变反应形成的。变化较小的碎片包含橄榄石、辉石、无定形硅酸盐、方解石和磷化物。基于样品的矿物学和物理特性的数值模拟表明，龙宫的母体形成于太阳系形成开始后约 200 万年。

更新日期：2022-09-22

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